people mumble or stutter a lot, causes errors in the youtube auto-transcript
people end sentences with e.g. "right?" a lot (may be nice to remove for readability)
youtube can't understand foreign-language words (e.g. Greek, Latin, etc), often resolves them incorrectly
youtube doesn't mark WHO is speaking, so you can't follow who said what.

Each one of these is worth the time in hand correction...

Section 1: 00:00:48,950 – 00:01:09,990

>> Fantastic. Looks like we're ready. I don't mean to interrupt like that, but I appreciate the fact that you yield. Fantastic. Where is Madalena? I summon thee. Here I am. There you are. Fantastic. How are things coming? Pretty good. Yeah.

Section 2: 00:01:13,550 – 00:01:35,590

I hope that you are relaxed and not too concerned about doing this little exam. I was very nervous earlier, but I think I've memorized everything unless I forgot something to memorize, so. >> [laughter] >> Okay, good. Yeah. >> Good, good. Let's get through it then. Um turn to page 82.

Section 3: 00:01:35,600 – 00:02:08,990

And I just want you to notice I know this is um some of the sentences in the exam A are good, some in B are good. So, I'm going to Okay. >> flip back and forward cuz a couple of those sentences are garbage. Go to page 82 and before we begin, I just want you to see on page 82 Yeah. all of the different tenses that you've learned Yeah. and moods. Moods right there. So, look at page 82. You've got your present, your imperfect, your future,

Section 4: 00:02:09,000 – 00:02:23,630

Your aorist, your perfect, your pluperfect. Just I'm just going down the list. Then you've got your present subjunctive and your aorist subjunctive. Then you've got your present optative and your aorist optative. And then three infinitives

Section 5: 00:02:23,640 – 00:02:48,270

That we've we've had that present, aorist, and perfect. Okay. I just want you to see that and to know that those are the forms that you're going to have in your head. You could produce those on an exam if you wanted to. Um but you're going to we can test those with these sentences anyway, so. Okay. >> 83

Section 6: 00:02:48,280 – 00:03:50,190

Number one. And here's what you do. You just read it out loud and then you take your time translating it. And when you get it to the point, you talk through it. And when you get to the point, give me a final version. Um and just take your time. And I am not going to bother you, but I am here for questions. Go ahead. >> [clears throat] >> All right.

Section 7: 00:03:52,830 – 00:04:07,430

Great, great. Now just keep going. Just take your time.

Section 8: 00:04:08,470 – 00:04:37,630

Do you want me to work through it out loud? Yes, unfortunately for [laughter] you, I want you to do it out loud. In an exam in class, I'd never do it. I'd never do that. But yes, please. >> Okay. Okay, so I'm going to be looking for the verb and it's luset. Right? Um from luo and then the other verb is um [snorts] pausosin.

Section 9: 00:04:40,710 – 00:04:56,310

Right? Okay. Yeah. And [snorts] um and then I have to think of what form it is. So, it's um >> [clears throat]

Section 10: 00:05:25,390 – 00:05:28,470

It it would be uh it would be future. Um indicative.

Section 11: 00:05:49,310 – 00:05:53,950

So, it would be um

Section 12: 00:05:56,270 – 00:06:09,390

Uh uh you release or destroy. You will, sorry. You um you will

Section 13: 00:06:16,110 – 00:06:26,910

I believe. Okay. Anyway, um and then um

Section 14: 00:06:28,630 – 00:06:33,030

And then I I'm going to

Section 15: 00:06:36,550 – 00:06:48,150

Note the endings for the nouns. And kind of kind of figure them out real quick. Uh

Section 16: 00:07:05,030 – 00:07:11,350

Democratias, I believe is um

Section 17: 00:07:18,950 – 00:07:25,310

And so, it'd be

Section 18: 00:07:34,270 – 00:07:37,510

From like uh okay. Um

Section 19: 00:07:43,430 – 00:07:47,310

And then the su kain is the accu- in the accusative, I believe.

Section 20: 00:08:01,470 – 00:08:10,390

So, that would be the direct object. And then uh auta is the posing of the question. And then

Section 21: 00:08:12,150 – 00:08:31,790

And then the hi- hina is the in order that. And then I'm just going to go to the other verb, which is pausosin. And then osin is osi with the movable nu. So, it'd be um

Section 22: 00:08:31,800 – 00:08:40,070

The um

Section 23: 00:08:40,950 – 00:09:10,550

This is for the voices in your head as you're sitting there calculating. Listen to how much listen to how much Madalena is calculating. How much >> to calculate here, but it's just there's just a lot to go through. Um uh You're doing great. Keep it up. Take your time. Keep it up. Well, this I know it's um some sort of aorist because it's got the sigma, but I just have to find which um part it's in.

Section 24: 00:09:10,560 – 00:09:13,471

Where, so

Section 25: 00:09:18,590 – 00:09:34,350

>> All right. I think osi, so it'd be the third plural with the nu, right? So, then let me write that out for a second. So, it'd be the um to make. So, it'd be

Section 26: 00:09:34,360 – 00:09:40,870

Section 27: 00:09:46,590 – 00:09:51,270

They may

Section 28: 00:09:52,110 – 00:10:08,270

Um make stop. >> [laughter] >> That they may have made to stop. >> [laughter] >> Okay.

Section 29: 00:10:11,270 – 00:10:16,470

Because it Okay, let me It So, it's aorist subjunctive.

Section 30: 00:10:16,480 – 00:10:31,430

And the in the third plural. >> [snorts] >> Right? I think Okay, and then um

Section 31: 00:10:34,350 – 00:11:43,468

Hoi anthropoi uh So, it'd be Sorry, if I don't know why that took me so long. Uh That would be dative. Okay. Um >> [clears throat]

Section 32: 00:11:43,478 – 00:11:48,350

[snorts]

Section 33: 00:11:50,910 – 00:12:25,430

>> There's no rush, so take your time. Finish your calculation. It's [snorts] like one big physics problem, right? And you got to do all your calculations. >> then [laughter] you got to say and then you got to say and then >> right? >> Yeah. Okay? Read it to yourself a couple of times, think about it, and you know go for it. >> Okay. All right. Um let me finish up real quick.

Section 34: 00:12:29,110 – 00:13:07,550

The voices in your head are saying They're calculating it, too, right? So, realize you just just imagine there's 30 people around you, and I'm not talking to you, and you're sitting there, so let me not distract you. Okay. >> Enjoy. And by the way, every come every person comes out of a Greek exam sweaty, so don't worry. Yeah, okay. >> [snorts]

Section 35: 00:13:09,270 – 00:13:40,110

>> Yeah, don't look at the chat, Madelaine, because they're they're >> I'm I'm not I'm not I'm not I'm >> yeah. I'm I'm ignoring the chat. >> don't don't chat answers. >> I can't see. >> about it as soon as she gives her answer, then we can talk about it. Fantastic. Um

Section 36: 00:13:41,190 – 00:14:59,910

Okay. Um

Section 37: 00:15:30,590 – 00:15:53,470

Let it be known to everybody that a week ago we were talking about letters and how to get letters. And now we have a complex compound sentence in front of us. Okay, with a lot of nuance, and we have to make the right calculations. It's a When you go into an exam in classical philology in university,

Section 38: 00:15:53,480 – 00:16:23,230

Um you're going to get just a few sentences at this point, right? That's the That's the thing. So, look and look what it does to a person. It really Look, do you feel comfortable? How do you feel? Right? >> [laughter] >> Right? Okay. Go ahead. Are you close to >> okay, yeah, I'm um I think I am good enough. Um so >> your translation? So, I I'm saying

Section 39: 00:16:23,240 – 00:16:35,790

Will you be releasing from the

Section 40: 00:16:41,790 – 00:16:54,750

Of the souls in order that they may

Section 41: 00:16:57,430 – 00:17:12,189

They may I I I realized I messed up something. Yep, you can go back, and you can change something. Nope. They may have stopped

Section 42: 00:17:24,510 – 00:17:42,630

Okay. Are you ready? Here's what I do. I go through. Is that your final answer? Do you want to clean anything up? >> uh no. Okay. >> That's all I have for >> Here's Here's what we do. We go word for word. Good, you recognized it was a question auta, and you put that future tense in there right away, lusita.

Section 43: 00:17:42,640 – 00:17:48,270

Right? Will you destroy

Section 44: 00:17:48,280 – 00:18:10,430

Yeah. >> Then you you used your um tent you used your case here. Your genitive case here for demokratias, and >> Yeah. you kind of you kind of stumbled a little bit there. Okay? So, will you destroy ten psuchen?

Section 45: 00:18:10,440 – 00:18:40,110

The soul The soul of of democracy. >> Good, or of democracy is fine. Yeah. >> Right? Will you destroy the soul of your democracy? Okay. >> Good. Now, do the purpose clause again, in order that what? >> Mhm. In order that they Mhm. may What? >> have made to stop. Mhm. Um

Section 46: 00:18:40,120 – 00:19:14,110

The people or Well, I know that the uh that the accusative is the war, but Mhm. Okay, right. So, the people uh of the war. The people are in what The people are in what case there? Hoi anthropoi, what case is that? Dative. >> Nominative, genitive, dative, or accusative? I it Dative, right? No, it's a nominative. It's a nominative, right?

Section 47: 00:19:14,120 – 00:19:41,470

So, it's >> Okay. It's the subject of pausoosin, in order that the people >> may stop the war. >> Okay. That would make more sense. Uh-huh. >> Okay, fantastic. Number two. You'll get your whole grade here in a minute. Um number two, can you go to number three on the same page? This page 83, number three.

Section 48: 00:19:41,480 – 00:20:36,310

Okay? Same thing. Read it out, and and start digesting. If you don't want to be so oral with the comments, back off a little bit. You can be a little more silent. Okay? >> Let me know. The comments are good for me because I grade you based upon what I'm hearing, how much percentage you're clicking or not clicking, okay? Okay. That's the That's the only reason I like to hear them. All right.

Section 49: 00:20:50,470 – 00:21:01,070

This mess with first and um it's uh I automatically [clears throat] know that it's um it's uh

Section 50: 00:21:17,310 – 00:21:22,790

Yeah. And um so it would be >> [snorts] >> Mhm.

Section 51: 00:21:27,870 – 00:21:41,150

It would be third person plural. Let me go.

Section 52: 00:21:49,030 – 00:21:56,150

Oop. That would be That would be um

Section 53: 00:21:59,030 – 00:22:09,150

I mean I I I mean I I I So it would be it would be they see it. I don't know that I don't feel right. So,

Section 54: 00:22:27,190 – 00:22:40,230

What I thought it initially was um it was third third plural. I'm going to write that for now.

Section 55: 00:22:41,510 – 00:22:57,990

Which is might. And

Section 56: 00:23:00,110 – 00:23:09,630

I ready to pull it. I grab saw. I must hang air. In So,

Section 57: 00:23:12,190 – 00:23:27,190

I grab saw is um two auxiliary verbs. And it is So, um

Section 58: 00:23:29,669 – 00:23:55,669

So it it would be the third principal part. And I grab saw Okay. Um and uh Doo doo

Section 59: 00:24:02,390 – 00:24:07,950

It would be uh it air is t uh s indicative and

Section 60: 00:24:09,470 – 00:24:17,750

The air is t Okay. Air is t indicative first person

Section 61: 00:24:19,346 – 00:24:23,270

Singular. >> [snorts]

Section 62: 00:24:33,310 – 00:24:51,790

Peri is around. Right? Around the war. I I write around the war. About the war. Concerning the war. So, I write.

Section 63: 00:25:34,750 – 00:25:43,390

The peace in order to

Section 64: 00:26:01,750 – 00:26:10,870

Uh in Interesting. Okay. Um

Section 65: 00:26:21,470 – 00:26:36,950

Might guard.

Section 66: 00:27:01,390 – 00:27:06,390

With excellence the peace

Section 67: 00:27:39,830 – 00:27:46,329

Oop. Gosh.

Section 68: 00:27:46,470 – 00:27:55,790

>> [Clears throat] >> Almost there. Almost there. Okay. All right. >> [sighs and gasps]

Section 69: 00:28:01,350 – 00:28:07,990

So that would be the That would be the

Section 70: 00:28:09,910 – 00:28:16,150

Air And then this would be uh >> [sighs and gasps]

Section 71: 00:28:22,710 – 00:28:31,790

Okay. I think that part's right. All right. All right. And then

Section 72: 00:29:05,585 – 00:29:21,030

You feel like you got it? >> [clears throat] >> I I think I do. Although but maybe. Oh man. Okay. All right. >> I um so

Section 73: 00:29:24,070 – 00:29:32,070

I write. Wait. Wait. I wait I forgot something real quick. Never mind. There's [snorts] something. Okay.

Section 74: 00:29:57,950 – 00:30:06,070

Okay. Okay, my bad. I wrote. [laughter] Okay, [snorts] good. I wrote um concerning

Section 75: 00:30:17,430 – 00:30:57,190

They might guard. They might um It's aorist, it would be past tense. So, they might have guarded with excellence the peace. Is that aorist? >> No, almost. Oh. Almost Almost, okay. Almost perfect. That was just a little wobble on the dismount. That's all. On the Oh, it's the Oh, yeah. Okay. So, look at the purpose clause. The only thing I really want to correct is is the purpose clause. Okay. >> Um in order that they Now, phylaxein

Section 76: 00:30:57,200 – 00:31:33,350

Is that subjunctive or optative? It's optative, right? Okay. And it's When it's optative, we translate as might. Yeah, they might >> Right, without any tense. You don't have to put any tense. They might have >> Oh, so they might guard. There you go. Oh, okay, then I was right in the first place. That's what I had Yes, yes. See, that's why it's helpful. That's why it's helpful for me to listen to your calculations cuz then I know which way you're going. Good, good, good. And yeah, concerning the war,

Section 77: 00:31:33,360 – 00:32:06,710

About the war, either of those is fine, right? Good. Okay. >> And you recognized egrapsa and its tense, right? Perfect. >> Yeah, I I almost I remembered what it was and then I forgot to write it down, so yeah. Right. That That one your if your other one was in the range of an 88, this one would be in the range of a 98. Okay? Cuz there was just a tiny bobble on the might, right? When you're translating may or might, forget about tense. Just translate them may or might.

Section 78: 00:32:06,720 – 00:32:39,070

Good. >> easier to know. Yeah, didn't it feel you know, and some of them are going to some of those physics, you know, problems are going to be easier on the exam than the other ones. But this is the equivalent in difficulty because it's a compound. It just has fewer words, but it perfect, exactly the same difficulty as your first. So, don't think that, you know, don't think that it's, you know, I'm You've got to realize I'm gauging things like that in my brain. Right? Look at Look at number

Section 79: 00:32:39,080 – 00:33:27,830

There it is. Look at number five. Okay. Look at number five. I want you to do this one next. And I want you to keep [snorts] bear in mind that this sentence is a good example of uh word order means nothing in Greek. So, >> Okay, great. um Go for it. Take your time. Now, and do the exactly same thing you did last time and I will shut up. Go for it. >> Okay.

Section 80: 00:33:33,870 – 00:33:41,998

We'll do that then. So, epem bompsin and paideusai.

Section 81: 00:33:42,390 – 00:33:48,710

>> [Snorts] >> Um

Section 82: 00:34:04,430 – 00:34:15,830

Aorist and indicative, right? Wait, wait. Yes. Wait, no.

Section 83: 00:34:18,869 – 00:34:35,830

Okay, I'm going to say that one is

Section 84: 00:34:46,630 – 00:35:24,590

I'm just going to go through it in my brain. Um

Section 85: 00:36:46,430 – 00:36:57,990

Oh, I I'm I was right the first time. I just got messed up by the movable nu. Sorry. Um

Section 86: 00:36:59,830 – 00:37:08,790

It's um Um it's um um um

Section 87: 00:37:25,670 – 00:37:28,830

I'm so silly. Okay. Aorist

Section 88: 00:37:31,710 – 00:37:58,790

Plus a. I know it. God, I keep second-guessing myself and uh yeah. Okay. But I know it's Yeah, let me let >> the And I know it's like the principal part, but then I still haven't connected that in my brain yet. Don't second-guess yourself. Worst thing in the world, don't second-guess yourself. Okay.

Section 89: 00:38:42,550 – 00:39:00,190

I'm just starting from scratch here. Um paideusai. Um I'm going to say um um um um um um um um um um um um Um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um um

Section 90: 00:39:04,790 – 00:39:31,670

Um um

Section 91: 00:41:01,790 – 00:41:16,030

>> [Snorts] >> Well, this one I can't I can't fit I can't >> [clears throat] >> figure out the verb to say in my friend now. Um uh

Section 92: 00:41:20,150 – 00:41:48,630

Yeah, the verb. What is that thing, huh? Yeah, right. Um >> Ask yourself before you give up. Ask yourself the question. Does it have anything that makes it look like it's different? Like can anything that'll tell me what tense it is? Like does it have an >> Well, I I know that it means like I Oh, you did? >> that epsilon and the the psi like show me that it's um

Section 93: 00:41:48,640 – 00:42:04,430

Is that a psi? Or oh, it's a phi, right? Yeah. >> Yeah, it's a phi. Okay, yeah. Mhm. Okay. Um So, do you have a fix Do you have a fix on its uh tense?

Section 94: 00:42:17,150 – 00:42:22,470

I thought it was um aorist, but I now I don't think it is.

Section 95: 00:42:25,470 – 00:42:30,790

Because then I thought paideusai was aorist, and then I'm like, well, then that can't be.

Section 96: 00:42:32,510 – 00:42:41,830

And then I have to go through it in my head, and I can't remember things are spelled sometimes. Does that look like Does that look like an aorist ending on the end of epipomphein?

Section 97: 00:42:41,840 – 00:43:12,310

Does that look like an aorist? No. No, it doesn't. No, because it's not I or >> [clears throat] >> Uh-huh. he. So, it's >> Try to Try to think back to the word that it the first principal part of that word, and then try to remember those principal parts, cuz that'll tell you what tense that is. Okay. Keep jogging your brain. Well,

Section 98: 00:43:13,819 – 00:43:23,390

I >> [snorts]

Section 99: 00:43:36,870 – 00:43:41,310

But I don't know how to relate the principal parts to the tenses. >> [laughter]

Section 100: 00:43:47,710 – 00:43:59,750

So, give it your best. Give it like best, you know, when you're in a position like this, you got to take an educated guess. Try to Try to make it work. Try to make it work together. Okay.

Section 101: 00:44:00,990 – 00:44:28,510

All right. Um Let me just take a chill for a second. Um

Section 102: 00:44:31,110 – 00:44:56,230

You You know what? We've got a gallery, too. So, I will give you one voice from the gallery. Oh. >> Tell you. To tell you. It's called call It's called call your voice. Oh, call a friend. Yeah, call a friend. Ask one of these voice friends in your head. Ask him what the tense of epipomphein is. All right.

Section 103: 00:45:03,310 – 00:45:27,230

That's third person sing That's third person singular with a movable nu. Yeah. Yeah. But >> What's the tense, Cruz? What's the tense? Present? Uh Imperfect? Future? What is it? Aorist? Pluperfect? Im- uh perfect? What is it? I believe it's uh imperfect.

Section 104: 00:45:27,240 – 00:46:00,070

I da I believe it's imperfect. I don't know. [laughter] Okay, that was your friend call. That was >> [laughter] >> your friend call. You're welcome to use that. You're welcome to use that, Madelaina, if you want. Okay. >> Well, hold on. >> Now, I'm going to be quiet until you give your final answer, okay? Okay, hold on. Let me just go through it in my brain until I get the answer, cuz I know it's in there. Um o i s a o i s a o i s a o i s a Oh, here

Section 105: 00:46:00,080 – 00:46:08,270

We are. Wow. You're right.

Section 106: 00:46:11,270 – 00:46:44,470

Okay, yeah, it's uh imperfect. It has the the the epsilon or yeah, uh prefix on it, and then it's a o i s a with movable nu. Is that right or I don't know. Okay, yeah. >> Is that your Is that your final answer? Yeah. Try to translate. Just try to translate. I just want to hear a translation of that whole sentence. I don't care if you have to plaster over that verb. >> Oh, I mean I Fill that out with whatever you think may work, but I want a translation.

Section 107: 00:46:44,480 – 00:47:05,110

>> Let me just do Let me just do that first. Hold on. I haven't even got there. So, okay. Um Well,

Section 108: 00:49:47,510 – 00:49:56,910

>> Okay. I think I have something, perhaps. All right.

Section 109: 00:50:00,030 – 00:50:28,070

Okay, let's do this. All right. >> [clears throat]

Section 110: 00:50:31,230 – 00:50:40,870

>> Do I The first verb Look, people are Wait, wait, no, hang on before you do it and this will give you just a second of cushion. I want everybody to notice the the entire engine

Section 111: 00:50:40,880 – 00:51:06,030

Of the sentence is the verb and we are look we are we are having a problem with the verb. So, that's going to hold us up more than anything. When I tell you that the Greek is all about the verb, this is exactly what I mean. So, beautiful. Okay, now shut up and you just go when you need to go. Okay, I'm

Section 112: 00:51:06,040 – 00:51:36,110

So uh configuring, so a couple things. Um

Section 113: 00:51:38,390 – 00:52:09,190

All right. This is good enough, I guess. All right, um >> [clears throat]

Section 114: 00:52:11,581 – 00:52:13,870

>> Okay, I'm >> [snorts]

Section 115: 00:52:58,741 – 00:53:00,870

In Homer's house, uh the >> [snorts]

Section 116: 00:53:21,430 – 00:53:32,350

When your wheel slip, go straight to Go straight to the verb and just translate the main verb. Just translate the main verb to yourself and see if it makes any of this other stuff makes sense. He, she, it

Section 117: 00:53:32,360 – 00:53:38,697

Were were sending

Section 118: 00:53:39,270 – 00:53:48,310

>> [Snorts] >> It doesn't make anything make make sense. Okay, um

Section 119: 00:53:49,790 – 00:53:51,870

But, uh

Section 120: 00:53:55,072 – 00:54:01,310

Yeah, the >> [snorts]

Section 121: 00:54:04,030 – 00:54:26,070

>> Does mother Greek have you by the gonads again? Yeah, yeah, okay. >> [laughter] >> Look, now look, you just went through one that you've I could see it clicked in your head and you got it and you're like, "Oh, I can see the joy." And then we got to number five and you got the crap beat out of you again, right? Yeah, and she thought >> okay.

Section 122: 00:54:26,080 – 00:54:57,230

Yeah. Let's do I'm going to give you this on the verb, the main verb. That's a pluperfect. It's a third person singular. So, he, she, or it had sent. >> Had sent. Okay. >> Yeah, biblia is the object. Biblia is the object, so he he had sent. >> Oh, that wouldn't Okay, so the books the books

Section 123: 00:54:57,240 – 00:55:03,193

Good, now keep going. >> sent.

Section 124: 00:55:03,230 – 00:55:34,870

>> [Snorts] >> Where did he send them? aistein oikian Yeah, in the in the house Mhm. of Homer. Good. You see how just lining that verb up will help you to kind of push the train out of the station, you [snorts] know what I mean? Okay, so he had sent books to the house of Homer. Now do your purpose clause. Okay. What was bothering me is the the road opos?

Section 125: 00:55:34,880 – 00:55:59,870

That I don't know, that's throwing me off a little. >> Hina that's hina hos and hopos. That's your purpose clause. It's just like hina. Okay. Oh, oh, in order that, my bad. I was thinking for Yeah, okay, yeah. >> Good, good, good. Now keep going. Okay, in order that

Section 126: 00:56:06,590 – 00:56:16,390

He taught

Section 127: 00:56:17,510 – 00:57:02,830

Look, the from the island the council is But, oh God. Yeah, in order that he is an optative. I mean I I, right? And there's optative, so in order that he might >> okay, might teach >> teach. Good. He might teach the council. Good. Um >> The council of the what? The nasals. nasals island Okay, that was perfect, Madelena. I want everybody, including you, Madelena, to sit there and soak up soak up for a minute what we just did. Right? So, in translating

Section 128: 00:57:02,840 – 00:57:38,230

You see how quick the nouns all slapped in there as soon as we got the verbs set up? Right? That's going to happen. When you get stuck on a verb, it's going to ruin your whole sentence. It's going to stop your whole sentence and you saw Madelena there, right after she came out victorious, you saw her struggling like that. It's principally and solely because of the verb. The verb in the sentence is the most important thing. I want you to focus on that verb. If If you can get that verb accurately,

Section 129: 00:57:38,240 – 00:58:02,910

You can guess those other nouns. That's not a problem. You can intuitively You can intuitively figure out those other nouns. Yeah, right. Right, good. So, we're at the almost at the end of your exam and you I'm sure that you're >> [laughter] >> very pleased about that, but go back to page 79.

Section 130: 00:58:03,870 – 00:58:38,470

Okay. Um and on this one I would like you to do Mm, >> [sighs] >> oh, that one was terrible. That's one of the bad ones. Um number five. And the reason I am giving you number five is because it has a men and a de clause and I want you to have at least one exam question on a men and a de. If you remember yesterday we were talking about how the men and the de works. Yeah. >> Give it a shot. This is going to be the hardest one you have.

Section 131: 00:58:38,480 – 00:58:55,349

Give it a shot. When you're done, we'll tally your points and give you a grade. And I'd I'd like to hear from the gallery a little bit how they're doing as well. All right. So, epei Oh, sorry. Oh, ho men Homerous ton

Section 132: 00:58:55,359 – 00:59:02,710

Philon ep epei de kein

Section 133: 00:59:04,550 – 00:59:17,349

Hopos toisteois soein hote adelphos ho Okay.

Section 134: 00:59:21,230 – 00:59:28,910

So, we do have a men and a de and then Yeah, awesome. Okay.

Section 135: 00:59:31,950 – 00:59:35,550

All right, so epe epei de kein

Section 136: 00:59:37,710 – 00:59:44,350

So I don't know like a second so it's

Section 137: 00:59:45,430 – 00:59:53,230

Um a blue perfect and it be uh

Section 138: 01:00:32,950 – 01:00:55,190

A a e a e um and then it tastes so it would be a is that it it right yeah okay I'm going to do that

Section 139: 01:00:59,590 – 01:01:03,830

Which means what um means

Section 140: 01:01:05,390 – 01:01:15,070

Teach at do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do the head

Section 141: 01:01:17,270 – 01:01:27,190

He she it had taught had

Section 142: 01:01:30,710 – 01:01:39,190

And where's the other one? Say we and that means sacrifice so we

Section 143: 01:01:42,070 – 01:01:50,550

And soy so is that that one is um that one is

Section 144: 01:01:52,830 – 01:02:02,550

It is present optative

Section 145: 01:02:04,350 – 01:02:11,110

And on on on

Section 146: 01:02:33,470 – 01:02:37,350

Sorry um

Section 147: 01:05:51,660 – 01:06:00,030

>> [Clears throat] >> um

Section 148: 01:08:11,349 – 01:09:33,110

Oh okay let me try that this all right

Section 149: 01:09:34,990 – 01:09:55,950

>> Don't forget it's the hardest one you've had, so Don't Are you >> [laughter] >> I'm I'm I'm I have two uh two sentences that I wrote. >> [laughter] >> Okay. Okay. >> thought it could be, but uh >> [snorts] >> Let's hear it. All right. Well, okay, so one of them is

Section 150: 01:09:58,390 – 01:10:04,870

On the one hand Homer had taught

Section 151: 01:10:06,550 – 01:10:22,350

Okay. Well, oh, this is the first one that I did. On the one hand, Homer had >> Don't stop. Don't stop. Don't stop. It's good. >> Okay. On the one hand, Homer had taught in order that on the other hand, the brothers might not sacrifice to the gods the friend.

Section 152: 01:10:25,030 – 01:10:38,310

Okay, what was your second? Uh my the first one I did was on the on one on the one hand, Homer had taught the friend in order that um on the other hand, the brothers might not sacrifice um

Section 153: 01:10:38,320 – 01:11:08,550

Almost. Almost. Look, you you There's just one to the gods. >> one misstep, so stay with that one. Stay with that one, right? >> Okay. Stay with that one, yeah. You're exactly right. >> Okay. You're exactly See, don't question yourself. On on the one hand Homer had taught his friend >> his friend in order that >> in in order that thou orion. In order that he might

Section 154: 01:11:08,560 – 01:11:44,230

Sacrifice to the gods. Okay. Oh, I'm sorry. Yeah, sorry. In order that he he might sacrifice to the gods. Now, stop there. Stop there. Now you get the next clause. >> Now Now the other force ooh, and you know that ooh just means not. But not, yeah, but Yeah, there you go. There you go. You were just in >> But not the brothers? Yes, but not his brother, right? Homer Homer had taught his friend, right? But his brother didn't. So, when there's a men day, I

Section 155: 01:11:44,240 – 01:12:14,830

You don't have to say on the one hand and on the other hand? You can if you want to. Okay, but it's not necessary. You don't have to. No. Okay. You know, Homer taught You know, Homer taught his friend how to fly a kite, but his goddamn brother didn't, right? Yeah. >> That's the same on the one hand, on the other hand construction. >> Yeah. Okay. >> Um so, you really don't have to say It's a It's really a guide for you as you're learning how to use the construction.

Section 156: 01:12:14,840 – 01:12:52,910

Now, that was a damn hard one, right? >> Yeah. Very hard. And um you you hit it very well. Um I'm mostly happy about the fact that you got that verb. That the verb clicked right from the beginning. That's the most important >> was help that made it a little smoother than the others. >> Yeah. Yeah, right? And people were writing in the comments you know, it's tough. It's a hairy sentence, right? It's tough, right? Homer had taught his friend in order that he might sacrifice to the gods.

Section 157: 01:12:52,920 – 01:13:14,950

But his brother didn't, right? I mean, that's all That's a whole bunch in there. So, okay. Um post exam, how do you feel? How do you How would you rate your performance? Give yourself a grade. I I think I did uh all right. Um I mean I I

Section 158: 01:13:14,960 – 01:13:46,790

I was not I got every all of my um like I was getting perfect and perfect and pluperfect all mixed up this morning, and I could not get it straight to save my life, so I've worked on that like all day long, so I I don't know. But working on through the sentences was nice, and I like seeing it in front of me and trying it. Yeah. That feeling that you got when you did that second one and it clicked, and all of a sudden you're like, "Oh, holy [\\h__\\h]

Section 159: 01:13:46,800 – 01:14:06,830

I can do this." Right? That's You need to hold on to those moments, because for every one of those, there's three gut punches. Yeah, right. Holy mackerel, right? No, I'm serious. If I can have done this for 30 five plus years and still

Section 160: 01:14:06,840 – 01:14:25,550

Get gut punched. Right? Think about that for a minute. I shouldn't Nobody should be able to gut punch me now. Oh, yeah. I've got books I've got books right back there in Greek that I can give you that you'll be like, "Wait a minute. None of this is in the introductory text." Right? What the hell? So, um

Section 161: 01:14:25,560 – 01:15:00,390

So I hope I didn't break that. You still there? Yeah. Okay. So, don't So, don't uh put everything in perspective is what I'm saying. And when you have one of those moments of oh my god I can actually do this. I want you to protect that. That didn't hit him, did it? It didn't fall on him. His heady betty was over there. Good. Sorry, snakes are out. Um Yeah, right. So, you want to see Saturn? Here, put Saturn up to the camera. Aw, I want to see Saturn.

Section 162: 01:15:00,400 – 01:15:15,070

>> Say hi to Saturn. Look the other way, buddy. >> Aw. Look, they're going that way. >> [snorts] >> Oh my god. Nice. Aw, well.

Section 163: 01:15:21,910 – 01:16:01,990

>> [Laughter] >> Such a sweet [clears throat] Such a sweet snake. This is Saturn. He is so sweet. >> Nice. That's awesome. >> he gets all scared, and he wants to hug you, and he wants to put his face on your face. He's super nice guy. Oh god. So, okay, give yourself a number grade between 1 and 100. >> Uh I don't know. That's hard to do that. Um I mean, I I'd say that I did pretty bad on on number the third one, but I tried, and that's all that matters to me, I guess.

Section 164: 01:16:02,000 – 01:16:14,590

I don't know what number grade. >> [laughter] >> Give yourself some grade. Okay, but the reason the reason the reason I asked you to do that is because I want These are really self-diagnostic

Section 165: 01:16:14,600 – 01:16:52,270

Exams. You should be able to see exactly where you are. So, for example, vocabulary. How How did you do vocabulary? I was not having to tell you vocabulary. Yeah, I can get all of them. Um that's that's a huge part, right? You've taken a third of the exam right there and aced it. Okay? You should get about five to eight percent for pronunciation, and that's it. Your pronunciation was maximum. You were pronouncing words properly, right? You may not have realized it. As you're sitting there translating the sentences, I can hear you going through

Section 166: 01:16:52,280 – 01:17:19,590

The paradigms. I can hear you repeating the parts of the verb. I can hear you trying to figure out what tense it is. And so, I'm judging the whole time in that, right? Then we come to the sentences, and now it's the fact of Have you made all your calculations properly? You know what I mean? Have you done this, and have you reached that goal? I would give you around 92-ish.

Section 167: 01:17:19,600 – 01:17:53,270

I would give you somewhere in the low A range. And the reason I would The reason I would do that in the low A range and not the high A range is because of the difficult The slippage with the verbs. Just a little bit so We've got that subordinate purpose clause that you've got to get right. May or might. Nothing Nothing else. And we've got to recognize that form. So, if you if you had hit those verbs right away, it would have given driven you up to about 95%.

Section 168: 01:17:53,280 – 01:18:10,310

You know I'm just giving you a ballpark, right? On how on how I grade my exams. Um I'm impressed as hell that you're able to get above a 90 after only one [\\h__\\h] week.

Section 169: 01:18:10,320 – 01:18:45,110

Four days. Yeah. I I don't know how much time you're studying on the side. I don't know I don't know what your formula is, but you have calculated it very well. If we can take you up another five, six percent just on the morphology. That's the one place that you and I were were sitting in a university together, I would say, "It's morphology. You You got to work on your your lats a little more, right? That's it. Morphology. Get them Go over those patterns, those paradigms

Section 170: 01:18:45,120 – 01:19:15,470

Again, those nouns. Do it again. Boom, boom, boom. Otherwise, um you're strong. So, fantastic. That's what I want I didn't want you to get a I didn't want you to get a B. I wanted you to get an A, and you succeeded. So, this is >> would have not I would have not been able to uh to do as well yesterday if I if I did it. Yeah. For sure. It's time. You need the time, and we're pushing We're pushing the time, right? Did everybody else

Section 171: 01:19:15,480 – 01:19:36,870

Who's here, as you took the exam or as you looked at it, can you kind of put yourself in you know, relation to how Madalena is doing. Can you do that? Does somebody want to talk about that? >> a D. >> [laughter] >> I got a big fat D.

Section 172: 01:19:45,430 – 01:19:57,350

Okay. Okay, now you know what you need to work on. You saw what you struggled with as you sat there and watched her take the exam and then you work through it, too. You saw what it was, okay? Let me remind everybody.

Section 173: 01:19:57,360 – 01:20:32,150

This is Greek and there's a reason people say, "Oh, it's all Greek to me." There's a reason you can just go on the internet and find articles, entire articles on why Greek is so god damn hard. So, yeah, realize, give yourself a pat on the back for having gotten to this stage, okay? Um now, you're going to say, "Well, wait a minute. I've got some weakness on the endings of the verbs that I need to kind of firm up." Can we stop >> I'll work on it and you know.

Section 174: 01:20:32,160 – 01:21:01,630

Yeah. Well, you you may be thinking, "Can we stop and then firm it up and No, no, no. That's the point, right? When I was taking the same thing, when I was taking this intensive, now you know what you need to firm up, so go back and be lifting that little bit of extra weight. You know, and but look what you're doing. Your machine is working. We're getting you to translate and that's what That's what's beautiful. I love it. I love it. Okay, let me give The more

Section 175: 01:21:01,640 – 01:21:33,870

Uh The more you work >> I work through through more sentences and stuff like that, uh the you know, through time, I think it'll also help. Yes. I used to tell I used to tell my students on the first day of Greek, I used to tell them, um this doesn't matter how smart you are. You can just put that [\\h__\\h] aside. Greek is all about time. All about time. The more time you spend in the gym, the bigger you'll get and the better equipped you will be. So, yeah,

Section 176: 01:21:33,880 – 01:22:06,590

Definitely, Madalena, you nailed it. Yeah. Okay, I'm going to go uh take a break myself. Let's come back, reconvene oh, let's say in 30. Because what I want to give you for the rest of the night is a reading of chapter four and we're going to jump into unit five. Nothing It's just completely cognitive. I don't want you to worry. Your test is done. We're just going to talk through material. Oh, do you like this? Oh, do you like that? You haven't even read it yet, right? So,

Section 177: 01:22:06,600 – 01:22:24,790

We're just going to peruse and um read a little Greek together and I think that'll be That'll get us far enough ahead that we can start next week with ending unit five and beginning unit six. Okay? We'll see you in 30. Congratulations.

Section 178: 01:22:24,800 – 01:22:32,550

Thank you. Hell yeah, Maddie, you did it. >> [laughter]

Section 179: 01:22:35,150 – 01:22:48,877

>> Awesome. Congratulations. Holy [\\h__\\h] I'm telling you congratulations, Maddie. Yeah. >> [laughter] >> That's cool.

Section 180: 01:22:54,990 – 01:23:21,670

>> Oh, he's here? All right, I'll shut up. Hey, what's up? Hey, you don't have to shut up. No, that was I was just listening to your story, Cruz. I find that compelling. Yeah. Huh. Yeah, Jehovah's Witnesses are crazy, man. You know, it it takes I think I think a lot of people obviously like Pentecostal, Jehovah's Witness, uh Snappy was Mormon, right? I think. Um

Section 181: 01:23:21,680 – 01:23:56,710

I think I think those extremes kind of push you towards finding that. Yeah, I mean they push the truth and that's why we're here, right? Yeah. Yeah, I I Jehovah's Witnesses, those guys are tough, man. Like breaking out of that is is rough. Is is rough. I was a Baptist myself, but Jehovah's Witness, I have a special kind of in, you know, negative respect for, you know what I mean? Because it's Yeah, their translation

Section 182: 01:23:56,720 – 01:24:17,190

Their translation of the Bible is like the worst. >> [laughter] >> They throw Jehovah in there so many times where it doesn't belong. Like Jehovah, Jehovah. But there's a documentary on HBO about them right now. I had a uh

Section 183: 01:24:17,200 – 01:24:50,750

Neighbor come up, show up and invited me to Jehovah's Witnesses. So, he was so persistent, I eventually went. And then they just gave Yeah, [laughter] they Then they just I was like, okay, [\\h__\\h] it. You guys are going to keep bothering me, I'll go to, you know, the group, sure. And I went with my New Testament and everybody in the entire congregation that saw me gave me a look of surprise, like, "Oh my god. Right? Are you going to kill Are you going to kill me?" or something like

Section 184: 01:24:50,760 – 01:25:14,230

That. So, it was very uncomfortable the whole time. It was like, you know, at least the Baptists would be like, you know, "We recognize you're a sinner with your tattoos." You know what I mean? >> [laughter] >> Right? But these guys were like prophetically afraid, like, "What's written?" I had several ask me, "What's written on your head?" You know, seriously?

Section 185: 01:25:14,240 – 01:25:23,910

>> Seriously? Wow. Is it the What do you think it is? Snappy, what were you?

Section 186: 01:25:26,150 – 01:25:47,750

I don't know if Snappy's here. Oh, I thought Snappy was here. I was Seventh-day Adventist. I had just mentioned I thought Snappy had said he came out of Mormonism, but was it Jehovah's Witness? I can't remember for sure. I don't know. >> that's what he said before, yeah. Yeah. Something worse. It's like a Canadian I thought he was like Catholic or something similar.

Section 187: 01:25:50,870 – 01:26:22,230

I grew up Lutheran. It was weird. Because being in the South, like my mom was Baptist and my dad was Lutheran. And so, it was like I grew up with two conflicting views, which make made me question it young. And then, Maddie, I will say, when you said Pentecostal, I was like 8 years old when I went to like that first like event and I never had been so terrified. I'll never forget that. Like cuz of the them take speaking in tongues was just like as an 8-year-old, you don't expect I

Section 188: 01:26:22,240 – 01:27:04,630

Mean, what you say, but They would they would rather speak in tongues than read the Bible in Greek. That's right. >> [laughter] >> The worst kind of gaslighting. That's right. And speaking of Greek, Madalena, congratulations on you passing the exam. Now, I am going to show you something that will break you. Are you Are you ready? Go to page 93. I really need you to concentrate on how to operate a conditional sentence. They tell you at the bottom of page 93, a conditional sentence consists consists of two

Section 189: 01:27:04,640 – 01:27:36,270

Statements. This could not be stated more simply and more perfectly. One makes an assumption, if A, the other states a conclusion which follows from that assumption, then B. Right? If A, then B. Okay, is that is that clear? Yeah. Okay, no problem. New programming, right? Are you ready? The protasis is that if clause.

Section 190: 01:27:36,280 – 01:28:16,830

It's that if clause in a conditional. The apodosis is the conclusion. Protasis and apodosis. So, you have to know that there is a protasis and an apodosis in all of these conditional clauses, okay? That's the architecture. Are you ready? They tell you the negative of the protasis is may, that of the apodosis ou. So, don't worry about that right now. What I want to do is jump down to the next paragraph that says, "Six types of conditional sentences are presented below." There's six that we're going to learn. Let's just learn them.

Section 191: 01:28:16,840 – 01:28:43,709

The first is called the future more vivid conditional sentence. Okay? Now, without looking at any of the Greek, because it's going to be confusing to start with, just go down to the English translation of the Greek sentence. Look at what it says, "If he sends a messenger, they will stop the battle." If he does, they will do.

Section 192: 01:28:43,719 – 01:29:08,709

If does, if does, then will do. That is the simplest equation. That's cutting off all the fat, right? If does, will do. If somebody does something, somebody will do something. Good. That's called a future more vivid. Now, watch what happens though. There's something called a future less vivid and they're like sister constructions.

Section 193: 01:29:08,719 – 01:29:51,430

Look at the English at the very bottom of the page. "If he should send a messenger, they would stop the battle." This is a should would. Should would. If somebody should do something, somebody would do something, okay? Should would. That's it. Cognitively, I want you to tell me that cognitively you understand that. If does, then will do. Should would. Good. Fantastic. Okay, you're you're pressing forward quickly. I love it. Look at number three on page 95. That's a present general. Look at the English. If he sends a messenger, they stop.

Section 194: 01:29:51,440 – 01:30:30,350

Right? If he does, they do. It's a does do instead of a does will do. It's called a >> [clears throat] >> present general does will do. Okay? Now, the fourth kind is a past general. Look, they're sisters. Just like the future more vivid and the future less vivid, the present general has a sister that's called a past general. So, the present general is a does does. What is the past general? If he sent a messenger, they stopped. If he did, they did.

Section 195: 01:30:30,360 – 01:30:53,710

Right? Fantastic. Fantastic. It's a did did. And they they're writing that for you on the top of page 96 under what's called the translation formula. What's the translation formula for a past conditional? Right? Past general did did. Did did. Now,

Section 196: 01:30:56,870 – 01:31:30,190

When you translate these things, you are your your instinct will be to try to translate it without using the formula. Right? That'll that'll be the problem. And when you do it, you'll translate it improperly because the tenses will no longer make sense. They no longer apply, okay? So, what you have to do is you have to analyze the sentence as you read it to find out which one of these six conditionals is it. And then apply the translation formula.

Section 197: 01:31:30,200 – 01:31:55,350

Look at the number five on page 96. It's called a present contrafactual. We've got present contrafactual and its sister, past contrafactual. Look at its translation formula. Were would. Were would. If you were doing something, you would do something. Were would.

Section 198: 01:31:55,360 – 01:32:04,670

That is a present contrafactual. What's that past? Look at its translation formula. Oh, this is on page 97.

Section 199: 01:32:10,950 – 01:32:43,430

Had would have. Had would have, okay? So, each of the You have to know each of those types of conditionals. You have to be able to identify it so that you can send then say what is the translation formula. How am I actually going to translate this? So, let's go back to number one. And if this doesn't send you into sleepy time, probably nothing will. But, look at the look at the future more vivid, which its translation formula is a does will do. If somebody does, then somebody will do.

Section 200: 01:32:43,440 – 01:32:59,990

Look at the Greek, finally. The protasis is going to be That's your if clause. It's going to contain the word for if. And that word for if here in Greek is a on. A on.

Section 201: 01:33:00,000 – 01:33:29,230

Okay? Which, if you will notice, is just two vowels plus that movable new. Yeah. That on We're going to get a particle on in the future. We're going to get this thing, this weird on Here, let's just go find on. A on is if, okay? A on is if. A on angelon pimpe.

Section 202: 01:33:29,240 – 01:33:52,030

Right? So, a on if pimpe. He she or it sends angelon a messenger. Paususin. Here's your apodosis. Here's your conclusion. What's going to happen? This is your then clause. Right? If he sends a messenger, they will stop the battle.

Section 203: 01:33:52,040 – 01:34:13,990

Paususin. Ten machen. Paususin, right? So, how do we know what to put there? How do we know what's going to put? Well, they tell you in the little chart above. The protasis of this future more vivid has to have an a on plus a subjunctive.

Section 204: 01:34:14,000 – 01:34:40,910

Right? That's why pimpe. Right? Or pimse. That's a present subjunctive or an aorist. Or an aorist. You can use either one there. And how do you know whether to use a present or an aorist? Well, guess what? It's all aspect, right? It's all aspect. You're going to change the aspect when you switch between the present and the aorist. That's all. Fantastic. Isn't it confusingly nice?

Section 205: 01:34:40,920 – 01:35:22,190

It's all, you know, what do you think? I I'm getting it. Okay, good, good. Look at number two, future less vivid. What's its translation form? Should would. So, let's just look at the look at the protasis. The protasis has an a, which is if again, just like a on. And it and it takes an optative. It takes an optative. Right? The apodosis, you have to have an optative plus an on. So, we used to say future less vivid, a plus optative, optative plus on, should would. Right?

Section 206: 01:35:22,200 – 01:35:43,110

They would make us chant that in the intensive course. So, should would. Look at the Greek example. A angelon pimpoy. Just going to use the first one. If he she or it should send angelon a messenger.

Section 207: 01:35:47,390 – 01:36:06,710

Ten machen paoien on. Paoien, they would stop. And what is the on doing there? It's just telling you, "Hey, dumb [\\h__\\h] I am a future less vivid conditional sentence and you're going to translate me as should would." You're not You see how you're not really translating on?

Section 208: 01:36:06,720 – 01:36:43,390

Right? It's not like It's not like a word. It's not like a true word. It's telling It's telling It also I was just going to say it's guiding. Yes. Yeah. It's just like it's meant to signal that. Yeah. It's It's going to signal you that you are in an optative world of shoulds and woulds and coulds. Right? Oh, god. Okay, page 95 with the present general conditional. Look, its protasis is an a on plus a subjunctive. Well, look, that's just like the future more vivid, right?

Section 209: 01:36:43,400 – 01:37:03,870

Yes, it is. It's protasis looks just like it. What about its apodosis? It's a just a present indicative. When you just have a present indicative in your apodosis, your then clause, you know that it's just a present general. That's all. Let's look at the example. A on angelon pimpe.

Section 210: 01:37:03,880 – 01:37:36,470

Right? So, there's your subjunctive, pimpe. If he she or it sends a messenger, ten machen paousin. They stop fighting. They stop the battle, right? If he sends a messenger, they stop the battle. Right? How do we translate that? It's a does does. If somebody does something, somebody else does something. No problem. Present general, you should I'm sure you get and I'm going to slow you slow you down. So, let's let's just do 96, the number four, past general.

Section 211: 01:37:36,480 – 01:38:09,990

What's this one? This is an a plus an optative followed by an imperfect. Now, this past number four and number five. No, I'm sorry. Um number four, you'll notice the Oh, I jumped ahead of myself. Um look at the example for the past general. A angelon pimpoy. Right? So, we have our a plus our optative, pimpoy. If he she or it sent

Section 212: 01:38:10,000 – 01:38:27,550

A messenger. If he sent a messenger, it's the past general. So, it's got to be in the past, right? When we translate it in English. If he sent a messenger, ten machen epaon. They put an end to the battle. They stopped the battle. Epaon.

Section 213: 01:38:27,560 – 01:38:50,870

That's pretty straightforward. That sounds pretty straightforward. It's just a did did. Yeah, right? Did did. Now, when you see when you're in the trenches and you get one of these conditionals like you'll see in just a minute, it's going to confuse you that it's in an optative and you're going to want to take that if clause and you're going to want to put some kind of tense on it. Right? Don't

Section 214: 01:38:50,880 – 01:39:14,470

Don't screw with that. Just memorize that a plus an optative followed by an imperfect is a past general that's a did did. Translate did did. Good. That's a lot to remember. Finally, this is what I was trying to jump to. Numbers five and six, those sisters, those are the present contrafactual and the past contrafactual.

Section 215: 01:39:14,480 – 01:40:00,830

And you'll notice that they have Look at their both of their protases. The first protases, excuse me. The protasis is a plus imperfect indicative. With number five, the present contrafactual. Look at the past contrafactual, a plus an aorist. So, all you did was change the tense. All you did was change the tense. What about the apodosis? Number five on page 96, the apodosis is the imperfect plus on. And on page 97, the past contrafactual is what? An aorist plus an on. Look, they're just They're playing with us, right? One's an imperfect plus on, one is an aorist plus

Section 216: 01:40:00,840 – 01:40:08,510

On. So, the difference between the present contrafactual and the past contrafactual

Section 217: 01:40:08,520 – 01:40:49,150

Is the difference between an imperfect and an aorist. If we were doing something, we would do something. That's how that comes out in translation. Did you hear that? The The tenses are screwy. So, don't rely on the tenses. If were, would. That's present contrafactual. Past contrafactual, had would have. If somebody had done something, then they would have done something else, right? But, it's contrafactual. And the book points this out. Remember, those two contrafactuals are saying, "If somebody did do something, but they didn't." It's implied, but they didn't do it.

Section 218: 01:40:49,160 – 01:41:08,230

Right? If I had gone to the store, I would have bought groceries, but I didn't buy groceries because I didn't go to the store. That's what a contrafactual is. If I If I were more

Section 219: 01:41:08,240 – 01:41:26,070

I know, I was going to say something silly. >> [sighs] >> If I were to go to the store, I would buy groceries, but I'm not going to the store, so I'm not buying groceries. You see how it's contrafactual? Yeah.

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Good. What is your opinion of all of that? Um It's like It's like um comparison.

Section 221: 01:41:40,830 – 01:41:55,470

Almost. But, it's also like cause and effect. Too. >> Yeah, okay. Good, good. Good, good. Exactly. You're going to get a certain thing that's going to happen. You're going to analyze it. It's going to produce this effect. Look at page 97.

Section 222: 01:41:55,480 – 01:42:32,270

That summary, you should bookmark this page and forget everything you've ever learned except for what's in section seven. That's the summary of conditionals. Notice how it gives you the name, and then it tells you what the protasis is and the apodosis. And it tells you how to translate them. The future more vivid is it does will do. Future less vivid should do would do. Present does does. Past general did did. Present contrafactual were would. Past contrafactual had would have. Okay? Now, wait a minute. Keep that chart sitting right there and run

Section 223: 01:42:32,280 – 01:43:01,710

Immediately to page 107 and look at number one, sentence number one on 107. And I don't want you to try to translate this sentence. All I want you to do is analyze the sentence. I want you to tell me what kind of conditional this is. Look at number one, ean. Uh-oh, it's got an ean. Right? So,

Section 224: 01:43:01,720 – 01:43:39,390

Yeah. And what's its What's the verb that's with the if clause? It's got to come before that. It's going to come before that comma, right? Yeah. Didaksoosin. Didaksoosin, yeah. So, which is didaksoosin? Is that a subjunctive or an optative? Yeah, it's a subjunctive, right? Mhm. Mhm. So, we have ean plus subjunctive. So, go back to page 97 and tell me which of these conditionals has an ean plus a subjunctive in the protasis?

Section 225: 01:43:45,790 – 01:44:14,510

Well, the future more vivid, right? >> Good. Future more vivid, what else? Oh, and um and present general. So. And a present general. Good. Now, look over at the apodosis of that future more vivid. What do If that is a future more vivid, we're going to have a future indicative in its apodosis. >> Yeah. Oh, okay. If it's the present general, right? If it's the present general, its apodosis is just going to have a present indicative. So, we're going to get a future or a present. Which one do we

Section 226: 01:44:14,520 – 01:44:17,230

Get?

Section 227: 01:44:19,870 – 01:44:29,310

Um present, right? That's it. Grapse. What is grapse? Grapse. Um >> Grapse.

Section 228: 01:44:31,470 – 01:44:40,910

Uh it's a it's to write. But, it's uh >> What are the principal parts of grapho? Oh, um

Section 229: 01:44:43,670 – 01:44:56,750

Oh, I don't know. I Could Then look them Look them up. Look them up. Go to the graph >> Go to Yeah. Grapso. Grapso. Uh-huh. Egrapsa.

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Good. Uh Uh uh Gegrapha. Gegrapha and then gegramai.

Section 231: 01:45:09,400 – 01:45:34,670

Good. And then >> Good. Uh Uh Uh ge gegraph All right, eg egraph Or is it Is it egrapsthen or grapse? >> Good. Then, yeah. I mean Fantastic. Yeah. Something like that. Look at egrapsthen, right? Go

Section 232: 01:45:34,680 – 01:46:08,990

By the way, go back to the Go to the back of your book. I forgot to tell you this. Shame on me for taking so long. And I want you to go to page Oh, yeah, here. Chewy, go to the Go to the lexicon in the back. I don't know what page it's on. Oh. I think it's like 750-ish. Let's see. Okay. You can use the Whenever you don't know, whenever you're like, "Shit, what What are the principal parts of this verb?" And you're like, "Is it graphen,

Section 233: 01:46:09,000 – 01:46:28,870

Egraphen, egrapsthen?" Was it theta? Which one is it? Where are you going to find that information? Cuz you need that quickly, quickly. Go to the Go to the verb chart. >> six Um Six, where'd you find it? First one there. It's 89.

Section 234: 01:46:28,880 – 01:46:41,310

Oh. >> Wait. Oh, it's uh Maybe not. I don't know. How about here? I made it to the vocabulary. I'm not on that page, but go to 775-ish.

Section 235: 01:46:44,070 – 01:46:47,110

Oh, the Can you guys see my screen? Boom.

Section 236: 01:46:48,870 – 01:47:14,950

Okay. Oh. And Yeah. See how you can look up? You've got a lexicon in the back of your book. You know, and you can look it up. And here we've got grapho cuz we're concerned about I want to know is this egrapsthen? Cuz that's what it should be. What happens with the phi and a theta when you put them together? Grapho, grapso, egrapsa, gegrapha,

Section 237: 01:47:14,960 – 01:47:47,310

Gegramai, egrapsthen. Look at eight. It ate that little guy. Isn't that something? Alpha theta. Yeah. It's gone. It's gone, right? >> believe it was overpowered so easily. Okay. Yeah. Um It was assimilated. My God. No, that's what they say. That's I'm I'm not Yeah. Okay. So, look at Go back to page 107 now and look at grapse.

Section 238: 01:47:47,320 – 01:48:24,870

Grapse. And tell me, is that a present indicative or a future? Um Yeah, it's a future. Good. So, if it's a future and that's the apodosis, that's the then clause after the comma, which is it? Is it a future more vivid or a present general? It'd be a future more vivid then. And how What is the translation formula for future more vivid? Um

Section 239: 01:48:26,680 – 01:48:47,110

It's in that little box. >> Well, it's it's it's like does will do, right? Does will do. So, go back to your sentences on page 107. Uh-huh. And read with me. I want you to translate with me. Ean hymousai. If the muses

Section 240: 01:48:47,120 – 01:49:04,790

Yeah. Now, jump to your verb. If the muses what? Didaksoosin. Oh, okay. You remember what didask No, you haven't had didasko yet. You don't know what didasko means. I don't know this vocabulary yet. Teach. It means to teach.

Section 241: 01:49:04,800 – 01:49:09,990

Yep. If If the muses teach

Section 242: 01:49:10,000 – 01:49:29,950

The good poet well, L is well. If the muses teach the good poet well, you see tone agathon poietein. Yeah. Okay. If the muses teach the good poet well, what happens? Grapse he will write

Section 243: 01:49:29,960 – 01:50:13,430

Yeah. >> kalon biblion, a good book peri ton thous. Wait, what? The concerning the sacri- about the sacrifices? Yes. The sac- which ones? The sacrifices in agorai, in the marketplace. Right? So, you hear how that's a does will do? If the muses teach the poet well, he will write this stuff. Nice. >> You got it? Does that make sense? Okay, good. Good. That's it. That's and that's all you're doing is you're looking at a sentence. Soon as you see it's got an on or an A in it,

Section 244: 01:50:13,440 – 01:50:33,390

You say, "Fuck this. I'm going to identify what kind of conditional this is." You're not even trying to translate. Look at number five. That's A plus what? A grapseon. What is that? Grapseon. Um

Section 245: 01:50:35,030 – 01:50:51,030

Grapseon. So, that would be >> Flip back. Flip back if you got to flip back to the Well to the charts to find it. Grapse. >> Oh, I I I get it.

Section 246: 01:51:07,870 – 01:51:28,350

Um what? What your sentences or what? Uh for the grapseon, sorry. Um Oh. Oh, okay. Uh for grapseon. Yeah, okay. Um let me just ask you this about grapseon. Um can you see it? Are you looking at the word? Yeah. Okay. Does that look subjunctive or optative?

Section 247: 01:51:28,360 – 01:51:49,950

Oh, um it it looks um Um uh uh optative, sorry. Good. Good. It looks optative. So, we've got an A plus an optative. Go back to page 97 now. Okay. And look at the protases. Look at the protases.

Section 248: 01:51:49,960 – 01:52:10,990

A plus an optative in two different ones. We've got a future less vivid and a future and a past general, excuse me. Future less vivid. Do you see that? It says A plus optative. >> Yeah. Good. Look over at the apodosis there on the same page. Optative plus on

Section 249: 01:52:15,150 – 01:52:46,870

In the future less vivid or imperfect in the past general. So, let's see which one this is. Is it a It has an on, right? Okay. So, that's going to make it which one? Uh future less vivid, right? Okay. If it's got an on If it's got an on then No, [clears throat] it doesn't have an on, sorry. No, it doesn't. No. What's it got? Um

Section 250: 01:52:57,080 – 01:53:11,750

Ethuon? Are we talking about that? >> Good. Perfect. And what is ethuon? Uh uh ethuon is um uh

Section 251: 01:53:12,720 – 01:53:32,750

Had sacrificed. No, it's an imperfect. It's an imperfect. >> Okay. Yeah, so it was sacrificing. Yeah, so it is a past general that we've got. It's an A plus an If you look at page 97, it's an A plus an optative in the protasis followed by an imperfect.

Section 252: 01:53:32,760 – 01:53:57,470

And it says we translate that as did did. Did did. So, if somebody did something, right? If the Look at number sentence number five and I'm just going to translate it. Follow my eyes trans- I mean, follow follow with your eyes while I translate. If the poets

Section 253: 01:53:57,480 – 01:54:08,870

Grapseon, if the poets wrote biblia, books, peri dikais about justice

Section 254: 01:54:08,880 – 01:54:17,110

Tais mousais, hold on to that. tais poieton theois ethuon.

Section 255: 01:54:17,120 – 01:54:48,790

So, if the poets wrote these things, ethuon, they sacrificed tais mousais to the muses. Muses. Tais, who are the theois, the goddesses, poieton. That's a genitive plural. The goddesses of the poets. Do you see that? Mhm. So, I'll do it one more time. I'll do it one more time. If the poets wrote books about justice,

Section 256: 01:54:48,800 – 01:55:16,670

They sacrificed to the muses, the goddesses of poets. All right? And then it just says, "For poets are just." Right? Whatever. Um Okay, do you see how it's a formula? You plug in. Let's step back a minute cuz you're Here. How do I step back? How do I get out of this? Boom. Okay. All right. Let's just be civil and say, "Look, you've had your conditionals.

Section 257: 01:55:16,680 – 01:55:36,510

You've had your conditionals. What Where's your mind right now?" Um That's what I mean. It's a little overwhelming. I mean, I I get it now. Identifying exactly and then plugging it in. Yes. Yeah.

Section 258: 01:55:36,520 – 01:56:00,110

It's something that if you had some extra time to sit down, you could run through some exercises and plug it in and figure out, "Yeah, that's this kind of conditional and you've got to translate that conditional this way." So, I think you've got it. Yeah. Isn't it beautiful how logical it is? Yeah, it's like math.

Section 259: 01:56:01,070 – 01:56:29,430

Yeah. And you have to use that box on page 97. That box is everything. Now, having given you conditional sentences, I want to tell you, they are now, after they've introduced verbs, they are now giving you all of the really complex ways that you can use verbs, essentially. So, we're going to You're going to They're going to hit you over the next few chapters, but I want you to know that this particular bit on conditionals usually

Section 260: 01:56:29,440 – 01:57:06,470

Causes students the most difficulty. Okay. And it's only for one reason. Only for one reason. They fail to use the chart. Okay. They see the if They see the if and the A or the on and they think, "Oh, I can just power my way through it and I'll just Oh, look at the tense this thing." No, it doesn't work that way and you're screwed. Bad. Bad training. What I want you to do is I want you to be able to look at a sentence and to tell me what kind of conditional it is and therefore you're going to translate

Section 261: 01:57:06,480 – 01:57:42,230

It with this formula. Did did does does will does will do, whatever. Should would. Whatever. Yeah. Okay? Okay. So, that um I want you to practice with a few of these sentences on your own. I want not right now, but when you've got free time, I want you to see if you can figure out which what kind of sentence that is. What kind of conditional that is so you can name it. Right? They used to scream at us, "Number six! What kind of conditional?" And you had to name it,

Section 262: 01:57:42,240 – 01:58:02,150

Right? And you're sitting there looking at, "Oh, [\\h__\\h] Quick, hurry up. Everybody thinks I'm stupid, right?" And it's a lot of pressure, but if you can do that, if you can get yourself to the point that you can look at a Greek sentence that's a conditional and identify it right away, your translation is going to be um

Section 263: 01:58:02,160 – 01:58:24,510

Head and shoulders above other people. Nice. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. What I want to do is I want to look at some vocabulary with the little time we've got left so that we don't tax our brains. I want you to go down to unit five. I want you to go to unit five. No, it's okay.

Section 264: 01:58:24,520 – 01:58:40,590

No, I It's okay. We don't need to use the computer anymore. Just put me on the screen where I can be normal. Take that off. Excellent. Okay. Madelaina, let's just enjoy this vocabulary, shall we? Page 120.

Section 265: 01:58:40,600 – 01:59:08,087

129. What I want you to do is I want you to teach me the vocabulary of unit five on page 129. I want you to tell me what the words say and what they mean. Can you do that? Yeah. Okay. A agruos. A a >> [laughter]

Section 266: 01:59:08,097 – 01:59:09,470

[gasps]

Section 267: 01:59:09,480 – 01:59:19,670

>> A a a

Section 268: 01:59:24,270 – 01:59:46,732

It's silver. What is What is it? Silver? What is the periodic I forget. What is the periodic sign for silver? You're okay. I don't know what it is. Does anybody I bet Cruz knows then. Cruz put it out there and see if you No, I don't know that. I'm No, I don't know that. >> [laughter]

Section 269: 01:59:47,110 – 01:59:47,120

[gasps]

Section 270: 01:59:47,120 – 01:59:51,750

>> Okay. Somebody look it up then.

Section 271: 01:59:55,310 – 01:59:58,230

What did I do? I started Here, where's my phone?

Section 272: 02:00:00,030 – 02:00:10,070

AG. Okay, there we go. >> [laughter] >> Very good. Fantastic. Silver. Arguros.

Section 273: 02:00:10,080 – 02:00:25,310

Arguron. Arguru, excuse me. Notice, I want you to notice Madalena that the genitive arguru it has that omicron upsilon diphthong on the end of it.

Section 274: 02:00:28,510 – 02:00:47,670

And that's going to drag the accent. Right? We want to try to to drag the accent. Look at how the accent in the nominative is arguros, but in the genitive it comes arguru. I just want you to realize because we're saying ooh at the end of the word, we're we're attracting that accent. Our depth

Section 275: 02:00:47,680 – 02:00:58,070

Our depth attracts the accent. Okay, keep going. I'm sorry to interrupt you. Go. Argurion.

Section 276: 02:00:58,080 – 02:01:07,310

Arguriu. Don't small coin money.

Section 277: 02:01:08,608 – 02:01:11,190

Who? >> [laughter] >> God.

Section 278: 02:01:16,910 – 02:01:37,350

Um erksa. Wait, a a My god, I can't say that. Er You got it. Erksa, that's good. Erksa um erkhmai and erkhsei. Beautiful. As rule or command.

Section 279: 02:01:38,990 – 02:02:30,430

Balapto. Balapso. Eblapsa. Beblapsa. Beb beb beblemai. Ebeblam. Pain or ebeb ebeblapsen. Hurt. Oh, look what Look what we have there. That's a verb that's got two different six principal parts. Eblaben or eblaphthen. For non-assimilated theta. These What are these dirty people doing? Hurt or to harm people. Now you say, "Wait a minute, it can have two six principal parts?" Yeah. Sorry, but that can happen. And is there any way to predict it? Not really. You're just going to have to memorize it. Okay? Oh, blapto has got an extra

Section 280: 02:02:30,440 – 02:03:03,870

Principal part essentially. Okay. I told you Greek does not get It does not get any more difficult from everything that you've had, Madalena. It just gets more. It's going to be more and more and more. It's an endur It's an endurance thing. If This is a test to see if you can hang in there for the most intense and most intensive Greek that you can get. Okay, so keep going with the vocabulary. Um

Section 281: 02:03:03,880 – 02:03:08,870

Gaia. gais.

Section 282: 02:03:13,510 – 02:03:35,270

Dida. Dida didakalos. Dida didaskalos. Didaskalo. Teacher. Good. Doxa. Doxeis. Expectation belief. Reputation glory.

Section 283: 02:03:35,280 – 02:03:38,750

Thanatos. Thanatu.

Section 284: 02:03:38,760 – 02:03:46,870

Who? Death. Athanatu athanatos. Athanaton. Undying

Section 285: 02:03:46,880 – 02:03:50,190

Immortal.

Section 286: 02:03:52,470 – 02:04:09,190

Heroes. Hiera. Hieron. Holy. Sacred to hieron. Hieru tho. Shrine.

Section 287: 02:04:11,550 – 02:04:19,070

Hikanos. Hikane. Hikanon. Sufficient capable.

Section 288: 02:04:19,080 – 02:04:22,830

Section 289: 02:04:24,070 – 02:04:29,310

Hippos [snorts] hippu ho horse mare.

Section 290: 02:04:29,320 – 02:05:02,030

Yeah, notice Notice that you can have there a ho or a hay. You can You can do like a god and you can say you got a ho hippos which is a stud or a hay hippos which is which would be a female stud a studette, right? Or a mare, right? Right? Also notice that you're flying over words that you're going to realize, "Oh god, that's why they That's why they use these roots in English." There's a ton of roots here that were that were being exposed to.

Section 291: 02:05:02,040 – 02:05:12,230

But good good, yeah. Hippos horse, right? Philip is the guy who loves horses. Yes.

Section 292: 02:05:14,550 – 02:05:19,390

Kindunos. Kinduno.

Section 293: 02:05:26,430 – 02:05:39,270

Lithos. Lithu ho stone. Yeah, what do we get in English from lithos meaning stone?

Section 294: 02:05:47,030 – 02:06:08,750

Monolith. Right? Lithium Lithium monolith. Yeah Yeah, I don't know why lithium is there, but yeah, it's technically from stone. Yeah. Isn't that Yeah. Yeah. Um lithograph and all that kind of stuff like that. Anyway, keep going. Okay.

Section 295: 02:06:10,350 – 02:06:20,310

Makros. Makra. Makron. Long or tall. Mikros. Mikra. Mikron.

Section 296: 02:06:20,320 – 02:06:39,310

Small little short. So of course macro in English being you know and micro you know, micro meaning small. Oh, yeah, exactly. Pedion. Pediuto. Plain.

Section 297: 02:06:42,030 – 02:06:50,630

Peso. Peso. Episa. Epepeka. Pepe pepesmai.

Section 298: 02:06:50,640 – 02:06:58,670

Epepe epestein. Persuade.

Section 299: 02:07:01,910 – 02:07:05,510

Polemios. Polemia. Polemion.

Section 300: 02:07:14,630 – 02:07:37,870

Like polemic, right? Proso. >> [snorts] >> Pro prokso. Eprok sa. Piplaksa. Do or fare or um piplaga. Piplagmai. Eplabra ksin. Good. Hard one to say.

Section 301: 02:07:40,630 – 02:07:44,350

Protos. Prote. Proton. First.

Section 302: 02:07:49,030 – 02:08:07,709

Hupo. By under um under the power of under with motion toward of time. Phobos. Phobu. Fearful. Phobe phobe phoberos. Phobetha.

Section 303: 02:08:07,719 – 02:08:13,270

Pho phoberon. Fearful. Like phobia.

Section 304: 02:08:13,280 – 02:08:31,550

Yes. Yes, gorgeous gorgeous. Turn to page 131 and look about halfway down the page. You see the root the paragraph that starts the root of patho. That was a verb. It's got goofy looking principal parts. Patho peso epesa. Pepeka pepesmai

Section 305: 02:08:31,560 – 02:08:48,190

Epesthen. I guess that's not too bad. Persuade. Notice that it says its root root is path. The final theta of the root disappears in the future the aorist and the perfect.

Section 306: 02:08:50,030 – 02:08:54,790

In the perfect passive and the aorist passive it has been replaced by sigma.

Section 307: 02:08:56,390 – 02:09:20,430

Now, are you ever going to remember these rules? No, you're just going to see it. But the reason they write this kind of stuff out is to give you an idea of the logic behind it. So that look, it's this is going to happen. The words are going to transform this way. And you're just going to have to recognize it. Again, this is something that's very very difficult with Greek.

Section 308: 02:09:20,440 – 02:09:32,950

There are so many word transformations. 1.5 million which some people are saying that's way too low. Right?

Section 309: 02:09:34,030 – 02:09:49,790

Yeah. Yeah. I see that. It's a lot, isn't it? It's a lot. Like if I were to give you an assignment over the weekend, I know you want to take a break, but if I were to give you an assignment, I would say don't read anything.

Section 310: 02:09:49,800 – 02:10:25,990

Just look at vocab lists from units 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. Just do vocabulary this weekend. And the best way to exercise your vocabulary is simply to read it. Just read it over and over again. You're associating the words with their meaning. That's it. You You reach your eighth time of doing it, boom, suddenly it clicks. If I were you, that's all I do cuz you're going to need some kind of break this weekend to be able to jump into it on Monday. So what I recommend is Yeah, you can practice your conditionals

Section 311: 02:10:26,000 – 02:10:59,390

If you want. But what you really need to do is when you need a distraction, sit down with a vocabulary list for 15 minutes, read through a couple of units, come back to it, you know, the next day, read through a couple more units, get that stuff floating and percolating. One of the reasons you did so well on the exam was vocabulary. And when I say this is experimental, I'll know now focusing on vocabulary from the beginning is productive.

Section 312: 02:10:59,400 – 02:11:39,270

Right? Yeah. With you with you, it's that's that's that's true. So okay, fantastic. Fantastic. I think we're both about bamboozled. We'll start next we'll start Monday with some actual readings from Greek because I want to pull your head out of the book for just a few minutes. So we'll start with some actual Greek that you can just enjoy and you won't be under the pressure of having to translate. I'll be doing the translation for you. What I want you to be doing is following me as I translate. Right? And that's kind of it's kind of like me providing an

Section 313: 02:11:39,280 – 02:11:59,190

Example for you. You're going to be picking up things that you don't realize until later that you picked up from following my translation. So cool. All right. All right. What are your What are your I need some Oh, this is fun. I like I like this chapter.

Section 314: 02:11:59,200 – 02:12:29,630

This is cool. I I like this stuff, so I'm I'm excited I'm excited for Monday. Yeah. How is the intense experience feel feel to you? It feels crazy. I don't know. I I'm learning so many different concepts all at the same time and memorizing a bunch of stuff and then like everything that's new that's coming is like it feels enlightening in a way, but also painful.

Section 315: 02:12:29,640 – 02:13:04,310

Yeah. [laughter] Yeah, like it like a good workout, you know, you get it. Please don't forget that moment that you had when you realized I saw it today. When you realized, oh [\\h__\\h] I can do this. Right? Number one got you down cuz it was wordy and it was too much. Number two you got it up here. It clicked, boom, you plugged everything in, boom, bam. Right? Oh, so don't forget you had those moments. Because there will be times in the future, especially probably the third week I'm anticipating, you'll be

Section 316: 02:13:04,320 – 02:13:27,870

Your mind will be telling you you can't do this. Don't listen to your mind. Don't listen to your mind. Embrace the suck. Okay? Embrace it. All right. All right, I will get back to it. It's Let's you chat with the group and thank you for the good work. I'm going to talk about you tomorrow night without you know,

Section 317: 02:13:27,880 – 02:14:12,040

Well, they know you from videos and stuff. So how do you want me to refer to you? Um Madalena is fine. Fine. Okay, and then I'll talk about you tomorrow night and in a good way, positive, I promise. And and report to the group how the experiment is going. Okay? Thank you. And I'll talk to you Monday 7:00 my time, 7:00 my time. Thank you, Armond. Thank you, Armond. Thanks to everybody. Good job on your exams, people. Thank you, Armond. Yeah, have a good night. Madalena. Thank you, Chewie. Good job, Maddie. Yeah, thank you, Chewie. Bye.