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transcript —
20260512-Ancient Greek Intensive Course - Part 18
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>> Fascinating stuff, right? With Caucus. Good. Nice. I'd love to hear the working you're you know, doing the research, putting in the work. Um it's not nice job. Good job, Cruz. Uh here. Whoops. >> Thank you, Armin. Forgot my outer shirt.
All right. Fantastic. I get a little get my outer shirt on. All right. Here we go, people. Look at this Greek on my t-shirt, so I thought that was cool. Anyhow, um let's >> [snorts] >> Madalena, how you doing? Um I'm I'm here.
You're here. How's it feel to be reaching the final stages of the intensive course? Um it's still pretty intense. Uh >> [laughter] >> but it's it's exciting. Yeah. I got your schedule, and I'm not going to show it to people, but I'm going to comment about how much just adding up how much time you're spending on the text and uh memorization and everything like that plus all of your work outside. I'm going to tell her tell everybody, you know, she's doing this on top of all of her familial duties, which is another
Job that you're having at the same time, you know. Yeah. Uh today it was really rough really really hard to uh make that time today. So, um but, you know, I still did.
Yeah. You still did make time. Now, what's funny is I was walking this morning in the grocery store getting groceries and one of the guys was complaining about his 2-year-old, you know, I mean, and I was laughing because everybody knows that when you have a 2-year-old, you never sleep and it's just one, you know, you're just trying to keep them from killing themselves basically, you know, and they're crazy. And I thought, you know, four of them, that's another, you know, that's a lot of work. People
Don't appreciate how much blood and sweat and tears goes into goes into um raising four children. So. >> Yeah. And I'm babysitting, too. So, now And you're paying I have three at all three like 2-year-olds pretty much and the other one is a 6-year-old. [laughter] So, yeah. Wow. >> It's insane over here. So, I don't know how I don't know how they What you do though is you give everybody no, you know, nobody has an excuse now. Right? I don't want to hear, "Oh, well, you know, I'm busy." No, uh-uh. That's
It's been It's been done. Um so, wow. Okay. Um what I want to do is I want to do a little bit of vocabulary work to start with. Okay. >> Um I need to share this again. All right, boom. Boom, boom. There we go. Fantastic. Get just let's just work through some words together to kind of warm up. Let's just, you know, go for it. I'll let you do it. Can you move this? Yeah, there we go. Hamartano.
Hemarton. Hem- Hemar- Hema- Hemar- teka. Hemarte- timai. Hemarte. Hemartezin. Yeah, nice. [clears throat] Nice. That's a beautiful verb that we looked at the opposite, right? So, this is miss. >> Sin. Good. Yeah. Sin. Yeah, here's your sin. Here's your sin. And look, underneath it, I hate that they tuck the next word away, but they indent it so much. But, look at it. Hamartia, then Hamartias. >> Yeah. Is an error. It's something of falling short, a missing the mark. So, their error is not like the transgression of commandments. It's not,
You know, like that. Their Their error is not having shot a bull's-eye. Mhm. You didn't shoot a bull's-eye, right? Hamartia. So, think about that next time you're reading the Bible, right? And I I swear to you, the more that you read the the Greek, the more that you're going to see, you know, that that fool was telling me the truth here, you know what I mean? You're going to see this word. Anyway, keep going. What is barus? Barus, baria, baru. Heavy.
Heavy. And notice it's got different endings on it. Oose, aya, oo endings. It's an adjective and it's of a new kind that we're going to look at. So, okay, cool. dokeo dokso edoxa dedogmai
Uh edox edoxstein to seem or think Yeah. To seem or think. >> [sighs] >> It appears to me. Right? Mhm. It appears to me that something is happening. Here's another thinking. Have you noticed how many thinkers we've got? Yeah, like three. Yeah, so far. And that's just, you know, that's just our like main vocabulary.
Um why is it not working? Oh, it's in my internet. It's screwed. I thought it was You know what? We've been having problems since last night. I think their fiber optics is messing up somehow. So, let me know if it does anything goofy.
Uh it's could be the TLG site, too. Uh could be the TLG site, too. Uh-huh. Boom. Okay. Forget about it. Dokeo. Think of it this way. It seems It's like it's bombarding you with the impression. That's why you're thinking. Mhm. Okay, anyway. Dunamai. dunamai,
Dunamai dedun dedunemai edunesthen to be able Mhm. uh dunamis, dunamewo Mhm. strength or power Yeah. Yeah, dynamite. Fantastic.
It's just from that dune from that dune root. You're going to get these all these verbs that are all these ideas that are I have the capacity. I've got the capacity to do something. Duo is two. Duo. Duo. Duo teros duo teros deio >> like a Brit. I don't want you to finish with a British accent on this. Deuterous deuterous.
>> Deuterous. Okay. >> Yeah, the Brits will say deuterous deuterous. >> Duo yeah. Oh. >> [laughter] >> Yeah.
I wonder why. Uh Deuterous I'll say it again. Cuz they got no respect for the digamma. Deutera.
Okay. >> Uh-huh. Deutera. Deutera deutera de de deuteron. Okay. Make the upsilon when you're looking at it like look at the third third principle I mean the third principle part. The third word deuteron it's neuter. Um imagine that the upsilon is a W and you're saying de deuteron. Deutera. Okay.
>> Yeah, good. Then there's aemi to go or come and you said wait a minute I thought aemi was to be. It is to be. >> are different. Yes, you got it. Okay, keep going. Yeah. >> [snorts] >> Eis mia
Uh Is it heis? Uh heis mia in >> It's got a rough breathing on the hen. The hen has got a rough breathing hen. >> eyes are bad. Um It's funny, isn't it? It's ridiculous.
Hello allow a la a la sa a le a le la ka a le la mai a le la thing to know very much Yeah. Yeah, pretty straightforward alana. Good. a pi ste mai a pi ste so mai a pi ste thing to know
Yeah, episteme. >> pi ste mai Mhm. pi ste mai
Mhm, a pi ste mai a pi ste mai a a pi ste mai knowledge Yeah, let me try one more time to bring that up cuz I want you to see. Yeah. episteme um
I'm going to try to get it live like this and see if oh crappage boom episteme Cuz what is knowledge again all this knowing and stuff, right? People say you know and Inuit or whatever there's like seven words for snow or whatever, right? You Well, you got to learn what all those different seven types are that people are obviously putting a >> [snorts] >> putting an emphasis. Here's another knowledge word episteme.
Acquaintance with a matter Well, that doesn't an understanding Look, it can be a skill. All right, what's your profession? Your professional skill. Mhm. right, okay, generally knowledge. But then notice that they took scientific knowledge out of it. So, what is your episteme?
It's your familiarity with some kind of skill. Mhm. Mhm. And that's knowledge, right? Okay. And notice that they put epistamai right next to it, right? Always, you're always looking at what that verb is doing. To know how to do. Look, number one, it's number one definition, to know how to do. All right? Hence, to be capable of doing. And look, see infinitive, that's a coom. Coom plus infinitive. Coom in Latin is with. So, it takes an infinitive. All right? Yes. I un- I understand or know what? To do something?
>> [Sighs] >> Can take an accusative. I know an object. That's right. All right? Okay. Notice number three, it says rarely. Whenever you see them the Victorians using rarely, know that that's that's what it what they're telling you is this is misleading.
All right? Mhm. So, you think it can be applied to a person. Why is it so rare that it's not applied to a person? All right? Gignosko. Am I knowing my wife? Not in this way. All right? This is about my skill level. The place that I have, you know, come to to learn something. Okay. Now, um that's epistamai. How about echo? Is echo
S- stis- a- stis- s- stis- so. Stis- so, good. >> Okay, so. Um is is gone is is is car. Uh is car my. To have hold be able cling to be next to. You notice notice how many things it can be. If you keep if you hold if you hold to these two to have or hold right to possess. Sometime it's going to be it's going to equal to be able to do something, but you'll tell from the context. It doesn't feel right. The overwhelming majority of the time it is to have or hold. And this thing is used
In so many compounds. Oh my god. Anyway, okay. What is something that's heidus heidea heidu? Pleasant glad is a lot of forms and we get >> What do we get in English from that? Um
What is sweet? Is hedonism sweet? >> [laughter]
>> There you go. Malista meaning most. Yeah. It's notice it's an adverb, right? It's used as an adverb. Good. Yeah, megas megale mega uh big great large. Mhm. medes mede nemia mede medin
No one nothing. Good. And skip down two to udes. Notice this >> udes yeah also Good. udemia ude Good good good. no one nothing um orsos orthe or son straight correct Yeah. Straight or correct or you know, it's the orthodoxy. Yeah, also dokeo.
Exactly, there you go. There you [snorts] go.
Um uh uh pol possos posse possum
How much many how large uh tossutos tossa tossuto tossuton
So much many so large Yeah. horos horai horon No, hosos hoso >> Oh, sorry. Hosos, my bad. hose hoson got ahead of myself. Um as much or many as or how much how large
Which of two or poteron adverb introduces alternate question uh tachus tacheia
Uh that or is it tacheia? tacheia you got it the first time tacheia tachu quick swift What is it when you have a swift heartbeat? Um
T a c h y so they're getting that from tachus being swift >> Yeah. Neat. Nice.
Uh tetar tetaris tetara tetras Um [clears throat] tetra tetar tro tetartos tetar
Treis tria three tritos trite triton third
And there. So in both of those examples for four and three changing to fourth and third, notice they go from a two termination to a three termination, right? You get So okay, so that tetales those four of whatever you have that can be masculine and feminine. Same thing with the three, right? Three of something it can be treis you if masculine and feminine you don't need a different form, but when you switch to the third the proportion then you switch to a first and second declension ending.
Tritos trite triton Yeah, it's kind of kind of different, but okay, there you go. All right.
And who pair the prefix over greatly on behalf of passive. Now, you did some exercises from unit 16, correct? Yeah, I did um I did it.
I did a couple of them. Okay, I did 13 through 18. Okay, let's see. So we're starting on page 480. Okay, now I am going to sit back and I am going to um I want you to treat me like I'm a total I have totally have no idea what the hell's going on. So just explain everything to me like you're you're the TA now or and I'm the student. Go ahead and correct me. >> Oh, okay. All righty. Well, 13 is my weakest one I think because it was my
First one, so Uh So Hoya pip prakh-en autos question what uh Hoya which or what? Um pip prakh-en autos what has he done?
Yeah. Good. Um Good. They beautifully translated per beautifully translated and there's a question there. Gorgeous. I get it. Thank you. >> [laughter] >> Ho- hoye gar an gar an prax-e-tis
Toy-ou-tos es-tai tain a-psukh-en >> [clears throat] >> Um for whatever
Uh one might do may might do um as as such a man or will such a man will be indeed at least or sorry, indeed his soul. Uh So, I was confused about that, but >> Yes. Yeah, something like I kind of get it, but I don't. So, yeah. Yeah, he'll be this way at least with respect to the soul. Good. Fantastic. Oh, gorgeous. You did those gorgeous. I'm not going to stop you, but I am going to ask you about a construction 14. So, give me 14.
Okay. So, but before we get there though, just notice the connection Hoya with toy-ou-tos, right? Yeah. Right? However, he whatever sort of things he does, this is the sort he's going to be with respect to his spirit. Okay. Right? Okay. Good. Love it. Number 14.
>> Okay. Okay, let me just say before you do this, this is so Okay, I don't Okay. It's an exercise. I just want you to point I want to point out. Remember, this is like a gym routine. Okay. >> So, it's got a shitload. It's loaded with a shitload of twists and turns. So, just take your time. All righty. So,
A a quo men say Um we hear you. Um and then
Um I skipped over to prodidonta. So, that's
Oh, that's um giving up, right? You're giving. Good. >> Uh so, so I And then I went back to polintetain him him it out. So, uh out. up the city of ours and Chi total pull up. Okay. Um
Um of or for the Spartans immediately. Um
Good. Okay, hang on a second. I think I forgot to finish the last word. Do the Ugar. Do the Ugar. Do the Ugar he mas lanthanes kakapoion.
I think I forgot I forgot to do the rest of it, but um uh
That's stupid verb. I know. You know what I mean. >> [snorts] >> lanthanes lanthanes Oh, um It's so stretchy. To put your mind into the place of the Greek is stretchy. Takes a lot of stretching. Well, doing bad as for for a him as Doing bad poion kaka. Good. Well, I got those, but I have to look up the verb because I forgot to do that half of the sentence, I guess. Um You forgot. In your mind you put yourself in a state of lethe. You put yourself in lethe. My bad.
Forgetfulness. Now, look up lanthano and see what it means. lanthano And don't forget it.
>> Are you doing it in the back, by the way? Oh, yeah. That's so funny. Yeah. Yes. Yeah, I was doing it in the back. Right in the By the way, that's actually >> That's so funny. >> [snorts] >> That's actually the word. >> Yeah. >> [laughter] >> Did I forget forget?
Just look it up. Look it up, Brian. I did. Escaped the notice. Right. Somehow Remember Remember cuz the one of the principal parts switches to lathe, right? And you get the lethy. So, yeah. >> Yeah, I knew it, but it's like I himos, yeah. Now you won't forget that it It's connected to forget. It means to escape the notice of. Notice they tell you it takes an accusative, right? And look at that Look Look at that uh that um third principal part, the arist, elathon. That's where we get the lethy.
>> Yeah, the arist. lanthanon. Okay, go ahead. >> [snorts]
>> So, for they for they don't forget the they won't forget. They For they may not forget the bad doing. Yeah, you are not escaping our notice doing bad things. Yeah. >> Yeah. Who got himos lanthanis, you do not escape himos, us.
>> Yeah. Poion kaka. Right? Doing bad things. It's right up there. They're not going to forget this. You're not escaping their notice. Okay, let's go back and do the first sentence. Now, I'm going to ask you cuz I'm an idiot, what kind of construction do we have here? Why do we have some Look, you you made an object you used an accusative several as objects here. Mhm. A cool man. A cool man. We hear We hear
You can take an indirect Oh. statement. We hear that. And in that case, your accusative will subject will be hidden somewhere in all those [\\h__\\h] accusatives. Say polenta tain him at the dawn Alton prod eat on town like even prod eat on town. The participle is an accusative. Yeah. So,
We hear that makes say your accusative subject. We hear that say. You remember what say is? Su su su su su. >> You. Mhm. Good. We hear that you Now, what they've done is they substituted a participle.
All right. Instead of an infinitive. Okay. So, what happened How do we know? Go back to the page where we learned this. Go back to 16. Let's see. You need to find it before I do in order for me to be happy. Why are we switching? We're switching to a participle. Before you know, instead of just going back to show you, just just look at it and say, "Look, instead of a we've got a we've got a participle here. We hear that you what? Prod eat on town.
Prod eat on town. Yeah. Um oh.
Oh, the I give give Mhm. give up. Prod Longo. Betray maybe or something. >> Betray, yeah. Betray.
Betray the city, right? Or Right. Right. Hang on 1 second. I really do want I I want you to see this. Okay. Keep Keep You work on it. You keep translating. No, but I don't want you to find it. I'm I want to go back to the Oh, the supplementary? No. Um I think that's where I might be on the wrong Oh, that's the wrong unit. My bad. >> Indirect statement. I think it was the next unit. I think it was 15. 15? Yeah. >> Yeah.
Um commands Oh, god. No, it wasn't cuz it's at the end of the chapter. It's possession with reflection. Oh, god. Reflexives. Dative. Oh, is it at the end of this one? Go to the index in the back of the book. If you're old like me and you have forgotten, which I shouldn't have forgotten which unit this is in, but look up indirect statement in the index. This is like page 830-ish.
830-Ish. Oh, here. I found it. It's 465. >> 4 Thank you. Mhm. Oh, god. If we'd just let you run it. 465. [snorts] You know what I mean? Seriously. How does this man make it? >> [clears throat] >> Okay. Um finite verb indirect statement.
Right? Now, look at the participle. Oh, here. Right? Participle plus subject accusative. Right? Oh, fantastic.
Look at example number three cuz I want you to see it On page 468.
Okay. Many verbs introduce a third type of indirect statement in which an indicative of the original statement is replaced by a participle of the same statement and the subject of the first finite verb blah blah blah appears in the accusative case. There's no introductory conjunction. Okay, we don't really need to tell us that. Um
Look at the first example. Angele. So there's your a cool woman. Right? Angele. Fantastic. Fantastic. Okay. Isn't that nice and they give you the little example. Go ahead. So So it's
You hear instead or hear I don't know. Okay, I'm not We hear that you >> Oh, like like Okay, I get it. Now it's like that. Okay. We hear that uh you're betraying Good.
The city of ours. Uh-huh. Good. The city of ours. Mhm. Now what is that little out tone doing there? God damn it, it's a genitive plural. I I don't know what that's connected
Oh wait, the at the Spartans, right? Our town, right? The Polenta Hemeteron is going together, right? So Hemeteron out tone. This is our very town that you're giving over. Kai, we hear what? We hear Labesomenon that you're what?
No, that you're um you're Oh, that they're taking. many gifts? Yeah, now what about the what about the labsomai on lambano?
Right? Look up in the back the principal parts of lambano. What are the principal parts? Read them to it cuz we need this can't be a present, right? It's lambano.
So, is it an aorist? And if it is, how does the aorist change it? If you look at page 469 right? And you look at the second example, they switch from a present doing to an aorist did. It says take. Is that what you know 11 I think? Yeah.
Yeah, lambano's take. You got it. You got it. Tell me what the third principal part of lambano is. Lambano labsomai
Total aorist lambano. Lambano You're going to get a very It's okay. Let's translate it as a past. Right? Oh, I I did it as a future, yeah. Okay. Um Oh, [\\h__\\h] >> Oh, [\\h__\\h] What? >> [Laughter]
>> Okay, now we really need to go. Now, race to the back. Go to lambano. Go to lambano. Beautiful job. You just [\\h__\\h] me. You just totally [\\h__\\h] me. >> [laughter]
>> People look Look what you did. God damn it. Oh, God. Okay, you're going to embarrass me in front of every voice in your head. Go to lambano. This is on page >> it. 783 Okay. >> 783 >> I was there. I was there. Okay. Okay. Look at the heiress.
Ella phone Yeah. Um that's not this form of heiress, right? I was making up an heiress. Right? What What you did is you said what tense is it? Look at this Look at the second principal part. Lakes so my >> Lakes so my So you're exactly right. You got it. Go back to the Go back to the page where this was Oh my god, 486 it was with the part is No. Yeah, it was four something. >> 480
Go back to the participles. Everybody do this with me. I want you to see it. Go back here. I'll put it on my >> 485 was 465 participle 65 So this is indirect statement. 465 was >> Yeah. >> Okay. Here we go. So look, but um just to learn for the heiress there, right? Right? Look what you do when you kick it into the heiress. Do did this. You're going to kick it into a past tense, right? But now look at the future.
>> Right? What happens? Wait, where's the page that was the That's not what the [\\h__\\h] me. Where's the page with the indirect statement? God damn it. 65 65
Bump Okay. So now Sorry, I was using my book and now I'm going to switch to this god damn thing. Okay, so I want page Right? Participle plus subject accusative page 69 Okay, here we go. Here the right set of examples. Look at the first example. That's your present, which we have in the first part, the doing. If you convert it to an aorist participle,
You're going to get its tense switched into the past. Right? And if you do it, look at the next example. He announces that Socrates will not do or make this thing. Right? Okay. So,
Which one are you doing? Which one are you using? You're using the first type, the angele poiesonta, not what's below it, angelei. Right? So, you're not in secondary tense, you're in primary. And because of that, your participle, when it's in the aorist, I mean, when it's in the future, it will switch to that plain straight-up future. Will.
>> [Sighs] >> Good. So, having said that, now let's try let's I'm not going to say anything more, you do the translation. All right. Give me a second. What page? This was page what? 180.
>> God, I hate this. I hate this online text. Okay, and we were at numbers like 14. >> 14, yeah. Okay. There you go. Okay, now so look at our cool men, it's in the present, right? Your part your first participle's present, your second switches to the future. You're exactly right. Now, you translate it. >> [snorts]
>> So, the we hear that you're that we hear that they will they will take, right? >> No, we hear that you're giving over. >> Yeah, giving over um this city of ours and then
And we hear that you leip solomon. Oh, okay, I see cuz it's Yeah, all right. It's still the same sentence. All right. Um and we hear that and there they will take No, that you will take. >> That you will take. Okay. Um Mhm.
Polla dora Yeah, many gifts uh to uh for the Spartans immediately. Yeah, from the Spartans part of lucky the money on Yeah. And and then that second sentence makes sense ugar four right? Mhm. Lon thanes you are not escaping him us. You are not escaping our notice. Mhm.
Boyon kaka why you're doing bad things. >> Yeah. Yeah, gorgeous. So look, everybody noticed you caught that future participle. Instead of the heiress that I just normally lambada leips leips on my elabon No. Why talk God.
Fantastic. You you you won ups me. Got a 15 before you get too big of a head. No. >> [laughter] >> Oh. Um And to the uh And tell me how you did on 15. First of all, did you get 15? Did you Do you Do you understand it? >> Yeah, I did I did uh Uh yeah, I think so. >> Good. Good. Um so I did Yeah, I did 15 through 18, I think. yeah.
Um Kate Baimon Kate Baimon ace Salaton Salaton hostas
On barbaron naus eidomen. Okay, one second. Why you Hang on before you translate. Hang on. Okay.
Or eidomen. Um So host in order that hidomen that we may see the barbarian, the non-Greek ships. Right? Mhm. No, the ships almost. The ships of the barbaron. >> okay. The ships of the Yeah, I just Yeah, the barbaron. Yeah, you got it. All right, ships of the barbarians. And you translated the eidomen correctly. Notice that it's from horao. Right? Horao meaning to see. Good. And people are going to That's going to throw people. That usually throws people. It didn't It didn't throw you. Right? You got the aorist from kata to pino. Right? Notice that in on the front
There. Notice that your augment >> Uh-huh. Notice that your augment is replacing your alpha. Mhm. >> being It's being stuck between your prefix, which is kata, and the verb, which is here pino. Oh God. Right? Good. >> Yeah. How about number 16? Okay.
Oinon keklopso. Hoti de gain. Upot.
Epenhoto, the one or he or the one who Um
Has stolen oinon, the wine. Good. Uh hoti, that Um
And sorry. Uh uh never ooh puts
And sorry uh payback the gained justice. So, they'll never repay just injustice. That one's a little weird for me, but Yeah, no, it's okay. You're almost there. You're almost there. I'm I'm very glad that you got the hot on oinon keklofos.
So, the hot keklofos. hot keklofos >> Right? >> You caught that. You've got that perfect participle there. Right? Keklofos, the one having stolen. Where did you What's the first If I had to look up keklofos, and I'm sitting here and I'm like, "What verb is that from?" What's the first principal part of that verb? Uh well, keklo
Um the first uh uh kla uh I can't I can't remember the sign. Um >> Okay. You translated it properly to steal. So, it's just the first principal part of steal. Klo klo klo Oh, the the the beginning is repeated. Well, that's always the case. So, so uh yeah. So, it's klo klofos or Oh, that would be a good guess. That would be a good guess. I know it's like klepto Oh, god.
I can't >> [laughter] >> I reassert this one. I have to reassert, right? Once you kick Once you make a good move in a sentence and kick and you get hit get a strike on me, which you just did, I'm going to have to try to >> You're going to get get me back. I'm going to have to try to get you back somehow, right now. >> [laughter] >> What is the What is the for the voices listening cuz you translated properly. You got it that it was the klepto
Verb, right? So, I want people to see the right that this is klepto, klepso, eklepsa, kanklofa is that perfect. Right? Kleklomai aklops, klopthane.
Good. Or is it aklopane? I always forget if they drop the theta on that heiress. Anyway, aipen, good. You've got your verb of speaking. aipen Yeah. Right? The only problem is it's in the past. I want you to see this. Go to that same page. What was it? 480? 460? Something No, four 460 60
Uh Yeah, and k- >> same page we were? Yes. Yes, go to page 465. 465 Okay. The indirect statement. Mhm. Uh it's 460 466 if you want. 466 >> Okay. Right? So, Oh, yes, there it is. He said, "Okay, I see." Uh-huh. Oh, and so >> [clears throat]
>> And what happens? Jump >> Oh, he said I will never be >> Look at the example on page 466 that's at the bottom. Aipen hoti Sokrates Right? Aipen hoti Sokrates What? touto poiesoi
Right? poieo poiesoi, there's your future optative. So, how are you going to translate it You're going to translate it with the wood. The wood. Whatever Whatever you kick it back into that secondary right, okay?
He would never. There you go. He would never. Pay back. Yeah, give justice, right? Pay Pay the penalty, maybe translate that. >> Penalty. Okay. >> Yeah. >> more sense. Yeah, the guy who had The dude who had stolen the wine said, "Look, dudes, I'm never going to right and pay penalty. Right? Okay, anyway. Number 17, you did 17 too. O antres athenaeoi. Uh-oh, I see an e on and is a student. I know that means it's some kind of conditional. So, tell me what kind of conditional this is.
It It on plus a subjunctive, but I that was I don't know. Um E on plus a subjunctive. Well, let's see if it is. What is oxyeosita? Uh I thought it was a a um a second
Oxyeosita. Is Yeah, a [clears throat] second plural. Right? Exyeo. What's the third principal part of oxyeo? Exyeo. O sa. Exyeosaya. Uh-huh, so [clears throat] it's lacking the augment, so it changes it cuz with the subjunctive we don't need the augment, right? So, that's why it's an alpha on the front of it, but I want you to see that that's the third principal part. So, go again to oxyeo.
Exyeo. Go again to oxyeo. This on page so you can see what I'm talking about. Go to page 776
And look at the principal parts of axio. It's right in the It's right in the middle of the page. Axio, axioso axiosa. So we >> axiosa, yeah. do indeed have that aorist. Mhm. So it's a >> That is axio. Just [clears throat] an aorist subjunctive. So we have eon plus a subjunctive followed by what?
An an optative? With ooh ooh ooh post. Wait. Is that No, I'm looking at the wrong >> No ooh post. No ooh post. It's just ooh post. It's a future. >> wrong sentence. Yeah, yeah. That's okay. That's okay. Uh n- nomiusi nomiusi >> It says it's a future. Okay, hang on. >> Let me see. Hang on. Maybe.
Go to your LSJ. And I want here I did Look at it. Nomitso, nomiusi.
Now you said it's a future, right? Yes. A third plural future. Right? Nice. Okay. Look what it can also be though. Can also be a participle. Yeah. Oh. Okay. Future active participle for this for that dative. Right? >> Yeah. You got a dative fin there. Oh god. Okay. So let's try it both ways and see what happens. Are you ready? Okay. Um
Yeah. Now, which conditional is this? Try it with your future. If it's an aion plus a subjunctive followed by a future, which one is it?
That would be a a future more vivid, right? Good. Okay. That's a does will do, right? So, okay. Try it as a does will do first. If you can't make it work out, I want you to save in reserve that this could be a participle. I just want you to do it. I'm like you. I'm like you. I always gravitate towards the um indicative. I want to go to the indicative right away. But, be careful. Okay, anyway, go ahead. Okay.
Uh if you do uh judge as worthy, right? Is that Yes. Okay. Um [clears throat] uh Socrates as wor- as worthy um of death. Good. [snorts] Um
Um Yep. will They Good. Now, keep going. You're doing it. >> They will think
Wait, they won't ever think >> Good. Good. Um that Now, look. You said that I said that. You You put it in an discourse perfectly. I want you to notice you will never think that. Now we're looking for an accusative subject maybe an infinitive or some kind of right? Yeah. Um that you that who must you Good. you to do a just thing. Yeah,
Good. That you do a just thing. Yeah. You can change the just thing to justice too if you want to be >> it if you want to be kind of like don't like strut your your stuff, right? >> Um okay. But a just thing is the most literal. So good you know, good for you. Yeah, if you if you deem Socrates worthy of death Athenian men
>> [Sighs] >> they will not believe that you are able right that you're ever right? doing the just state. They've you're not capable. Right? Oh God. Um Uh future more vivid does will do plus
An embedded indirect statement.
All right. They will not they will not believe that you do the job do the the the just thing. Good. >> It's funny cuz I earlier I did I I did not do the right conditional earlier. So I wrote down the wrong [laughter] one. So I'm glad that we discussed that before. Yes, that's exactly. Yeah, no that's that's what the exercises are all about cuz you see how quickly it corrects itself once you get the right conditional. Yeah. Yeah, okay. We've been going at this for an hour, okay? I want you
To stop now, take a 10-minute break, and when we come back, I want to read through two units. Okay. Now, we're going to have a test in between those two units. There's another test and the final test. Yeah. But, I'm going to administer it to you differently. I want us to go over 16 and 17 No. 16 and 17 No. Wait, was it 17 and 8? No. 17 >> right? So, I want you to do We're going to look through the material for 17 and 18
When we get back. So, when we get back, I want 30 to 45 minutes of just looking at the grammar. What's the [\\h__\\h] grammar that they're scream screaming about us now? Let's look at it and do some examples of it and play with that. So, that's what you I want you to be focused on for when we get back. And by the way, go tell everyone that you
Picked out the correct tense for the participle over me. Do you understand? I want you to never No, no, no. Cuz, I want you to never forget that you did it by just following procedure. All you did was you were analyzing it. You were breaking it down and finding out which tense is this. Right? It'll never It'll never um It'll never fail you. I want you to What I'm trying to say is I want you to recognize not that you did something better than I did, but that you did
Something right because you followed a strict analysis. Right? And that's That's the theme of the intensive course. That's what those those Bible students can't do. Right? They can't stop and say, "Okay, I'm going to totally break this down. It's an indirect statement here within a conditional, the hypothesis of a conditional sentence, right? So, look what I did. I was lazy and I just flipped to the aorist right away. Right? No. No, no, Ammon. You get a spanking.
So, I've got to tell the people that you spanked me. Now, this is once. Don't ever think that it's going to [\\h__\\h] happen again. Okay? All right. Cuz now I know now I know. Don't be lazy, right? Uh Every once in a >> That's actually the second time. That's her second time she belted you. Isn't the second, god dammit, Cruz? What are you keeping a history of this? He's always [laughter] got my back. The history of Ammon's shame. Now, I'm really proud I'm really proud that you're doing this, right? Do you see Do
You see your brain is accepting the programming? I love it. Okay, beautiful. Let's take 10 minutes. So, it's uh Oh, let's just come back in half hour at half past. I'll see you at half past. See you. All right. Let's talk about beating records. Let's get to the beating here. Unit 17. Oh, I just want you to follow along. I'm going to share it. Um Okay. We're going to start
The first thing we're going to learn is a an adjective. Megas, megale, mega. Meaning big or great, right? And they just give you the forms. What are the forms of it? Look at the masculine. Megas becomes megalu
Becomes megaloi, which those look more like first and those look more like second declensions, right? And then megan. What's happening? It looks like they're they're um switching between types of conjugate of declensions. Yes, as a matter of fact, they are. >> mixed? And you need to Yes, you need to see how these
Um declensional problems will iron themselves out because you're going to see this megon, for example, you know that's an accusative. Right? It looks like an accusative, but it doesn't look like it's a standard. That's not going to be a problem. Look at the plurals. Oi, on, ois, ous, ai, on, ais, as, a, on, ois, a. Those are regular. The feminines, look at those. They look all feminine. I've got no problem. So, they're really That's why they only put a few forms in bold. Right? We've got to >> [sighs]
>> We've got to recognize that. This is What What do you do? What did they tell us to do? Memorize this chart. That's all. And this is the type of megas, megale, mega. All right? Fantastic. Now, we're going to do another odd adjective. Notice that I mentioned this adjective before. Hedus, something that's sweet, right? Or pleasant. >> Yeah. Right?
And I said it's of this kind of adjective. Notice they don't even give you the name of a type. This is just the hedus, hedea, hedu type. Right? [laughter] That's how you're going to memorize it. What are the forms? Look at the masculine. Hedus, hedeos,
Hede, hedun. Are you going to be able to figure out the pattern there? Well, it kind of looks like a third declension in the genitive, doesn't it? Dative. Right? Look at polis. It looks a lot like polis in some ways, right? So, it's not totally odd, but you just need to recognize this is there cuz you're going to be looking up forms, you're going to see heidu and you're going to be like, wait a minute. Which which gender is that? Oh, wait a minute, it's just a neuter nominative,
Right? Heidu heidu hedeos hede heidu.
Look at Look at the feminine. They've They've got the alpha dominant ending. That's fine. They look like first declension. Right? So, now and so that's no problem. Look in the plural though. Heidus becomes heides in the plural. That may throw you a little bit. Looks a little bit We're kind of in the third declension, right? Oh, God. We've got I don't know, sort of. Look at the um No, what is it? Look at note number one. Note the upsilon in the masculine and neuter nominative, accusative, and vocative
Singular. It's They're basically pointing out to you where you're going to have oddities, right? That's all. Elsewhere in the masculine and neuter, the stem hede is used. The dative singular is the result of the contraction of hedei.
All right. Okay. Okay. Fine. Fine. Otherwise, masculine neuter normal changes. Now, here's a new concept. So, we got um two adjectives to look at there. Now, give me some grammar. What do I want to do when I want to compare things and I'm using those adjectives? Right? Every adjective
In your language should be able They're not all able to, but should be able to be to have one of three degrees. The positive degree, the comparative and the superlative. Clear, clearer, clearest. Or they give you the example, beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful. Yeah. Okay. Cool. So, that's no problem, right? Conceptually, that's no problem. How do you do it in Greek? Look at these endings. All those endings, yeah. Yeah. Tatos, tatera, taton. Now, these are going to be regular, right? These are going to follow first and second
Declension rules. No problem, same as these. Right? But, then we do have some irregular ones. Yeah, number two. Right? Number two, and they're going to it the comparative is going to be two terminations instead of three. So, it's masculine and feminine are both going to look like eon. Right? Whereas, its superlative is a three termination, estos, este, eston, and it looks totally normal. Okay? Look for the adverb, the comparative adverb, just look at the it's never going to change its form. Malon means more, and malista means
Most. Just remember that's vocabulary, that's not conceptual grammar here. This is just vocabulary. Malon, more. Malista, most. Okay. So, of this type, the tatos, tatera, taton, right? For the comparative, tatos, tate, taton, for the superlative, um here are some examples.
Okay. >> So, you So, you get the positive degree, dikaios, just. The comparative degree, dikaioteros, more just or rather just. I want you to realize this comparative, you can either talk about it being more of something, or you can talk about it being When we say in English rather, or somewhat, it's somewhat just. Right? Where are we talking about somewhat? That means a little bit. Rather means a little bit more. A little more just, right? So, realize you can translate it either way. Superlative is that most, it's the highest degree. It's the highest degree.
De kai otatos, the most just. Okay? Now go down to daylos, the next one. Clear. De loteros, more clear or clearer. De lotatos. Clearest, most obvious. De lotatos, most obvious. Yeah. All right. Okay. axios, worthy. axi otatos, more worthy and axi otatos, most worthy. Wise, wiser, wisest. No problem, see?
And yeah, they they put here at the bottom, rather wise, just to give you an idea. Look, it's there. Okay. Um they're going to tell you here, but you read it. You can have some changes in vowels like messos in the middle area, becomes mess iteros, becomes mess itatos.
So palaios, ancient. palai tetos, mm rather ancient, mm more ancient. Right? palai tatos, most ancient. Look what happens to philos, beloved. phili tetos. See how we're going to have to they're going to mess with the vowels. That's just the way it is. Yeah. Rather beloved or rather lovely, let's say. Okay. phili [clears throat] tatos, the most lovely. But look, there is a form
Philtatos. philtatos, yeah. Yeah, so why not just have that for a superlative? Well, it appears sometimes as philtatos or as phili tatos. And to be honest, I think it appears much more. I've seen it way more as philtatos. So whatever, whatever.
Um third declension adjectives in ace s. right? And first declension adjectives us a u add the suffixes directly to the stem. Just look what they What are they talking about? When you take the adjective amathes, un- educated,
Unlearned. It's comparative becomes amathestero.
Right? Amathestero. So, that's a little bit different. Mhm. And amathestato. How about saphes? Saphes wise becomes saphestero, wiser, and saphestato, most wise. Wisest, good. And barus deep becomes barutero. Now, look. What's happening? It's almost like we're adding stem to it, right? Because that sigma stick Why is the sigma stick jumping in there? It's coming between the epsilon
And the tau. Couldn't we have just said amathetatero? Mhm. Well, apparently there is something in the ace s ending that retains that wants to retain that sigma. Ah. So, okay, fine. Just realize Is this going to bother you when you're translating? No, you're just going to see amathestero. And you're going to say, "Oh, tero." That ending tero, that's a comparative, so more. Yeah, good. Um some of the third declension adjectives, look. Aphron, being an idiot. Being rather an idiot, aphronestero.
That person is rather stupid, aphronestero, right? That person is the stupidest, aphronestato. Okay, so we're getting extra constant We're getting an extra constant there. I don't care. Eldaimon becomes eldaimonestero.
All right. And believe it or not, you're going to the more you're looking over terms like this, you're probably not realizing it, but you're learning why those accents do what they do. They want to be on the last three syllables. They cannot be otherwise. But okay, you can get double accents. You can get a word with two accents and all kinds of stuff. But you can see here aphron
We're wanting to keep the sound of our word within three syllables of its ending. >> [sighs] >> I don't Yeah. >> I don't you know, sometimes I sometimes you see accents on words and you try to determine um the rules for where it should be and just because you're missing out the sound of it in your ear because you're a barbarian, you're not getting why it should be accented in that place. So again, >> Yeah, exactly. Whenever you want to figure that out, right? Um realize that there are rules of logic that apply in everything that you've been taught, but there's exceptions too. So
Yeah, okay. If we had the music in our ears, we'd probably hear it better, but Here's the comparative in eon, eon, right? With a superlative istos. Tosis the iston, which is totally regular. Just look at the examples at the bottom. Ice cross.
Ra um how do you say rather shameful instead of just shameful? Ice keon. Well, what happens to the rho? What happens to the rho? Just like in Saturnus, the rho can be dropped to Satanas. All right? Um why?
Uh if you were to read a grammarian like um your Smyth on this, he's going to give you a reason why you get de-rotification. Right? Do you need to know that now? No, just realize that it happens in certain environments. It's always because as Smyth will convince you, it's always because of um its environment. You just have to see it's it's going to like certain letters and others it's not. So, look at echthros, that that hostile. Who is that hostile person? Their echthros. How do you say
They're rather hostile? Echthion.
And how do you say they're most hostile? Echthistos.
You like that? Okay. Well, by the way, look at the echthion with its accent over the iota. Why? It wants to be back over that epsilon, but it can't be because that god damn omega on the end is dragging. It's It drags the um note of the song. It So, I can't again, because we're not actually pronouncing it properly. We're doing the barbarian thing. We're missing that out. But, I do want you to notice that the rho disappears. Okay. Yeah. Okay. What seemed to chase it off?
The sigma. [laughter] We've got the sigma. The sigma. Hey, that's good. >> [laughter] >> Nice. It's becoming It's coming in the environment of an iota. That may have something to do with it. It may have something to do with it. Okay, I just want you to notice it now. Yeah, just notice it now. Okay. Um
>> [Sighs] >> here's another type of comparative hedeon hedeon with the ending. So, here it is. Here it is. Hedeon hedeonos hedeoni hedeona. Cuz remember these are adjectives. So, if you're going to want to compare the something that's rather sweet. Right? This thing is rather sweet, but you're doing the thing you're comparing is in the genitive or state of you're going to have to know which case is um of this are hedeon hedeonos hedeoni hedeona. You've already memorized that paradigm. Hedeonas hedeonan hedeosi hedeonas. You
Good with those? Mhm. Okay? Then here's mallon and malista, more and most. We'll look at those when we when we look at examples. Notice the positive degree of philos, right? The lovely. Like the beloved. >> Most lovely, yeah. Mallon philos, more beloved. Mhm. Malista philos, most beloved. See, you don't have to change anything. Just add your adverbs mallon and malista, and you're good. And we saw that in one of the exercises, I think. Oh, did we? Fantastic. >> Well, yeah, they had to figure it out.
So, I thought, what the heck? Good. Good. Now, how Well, we're talking about comparison, how does that actually work in a sentence? Just look. There's several ways of doing it. The first one they give you is using the conjunction A.
Just concentrate on the A and look at the example. Socrates Socrates, there's nominative, no problem. Esti. There's your verb to be, is. Socrates is sophoteros.
Right? Wiser. He's more wise he um A than more wise than Aristophanes. Now, why is Aristophanes in the nominative? Just like Socrates, it's in the nominative. Why? Because it is the subject of its own clause. Its own clause is Aristophanes is.
Right? It's the subject of the verb. Socrates is wise wiser than Aristophanes is. See how that's in its own sentence with a verb to be. Mhm. Okay, so just realize when you're using the com when you're using the conjunctions with the imperative A with the with the comparative. Okay. You're going to watch what what um what the thing that's being compared is doing in its own clause. Here it's just in the nominative. No meed so men. We believe.
All right? That Socrates, there's your accusative subject, and your infinitive anai. We believe that Socrates is so photeron. I don't know. So photeron is in the accusative because Soc Socrates is in the accusative. We believe that Socrates is wiser than you get your A, your conjunction. Than
Aristophanes. I'm sorry, it's in the accusative. Aristophanes. Right? Now, why is it in the com in the in the accusative? Because it has an invisible anai sitting there. We think that Socrates is wiser than Aristophanes is. Okay. Right?
Okay, good. That's what they do. They they give you the paragraph for that, right? Okay. Bum bum bum. Let's see. Number two. Alternatively, the person or thing being compared can stand in the genitive. This is the genitive of comparison. Why do they call it that? Cuz they they're just making it up, right? Right. [laughter] You can have a genitive to give you a comparative. Socrates is wiser. Right? Sophoteros wiser Aristophanes,
That's a genitive, than Aristophanes. Doesn't look like a genitive, it is a genitive. Socrates is wiser than Aristophanes. Nomizomen we believe Socrate we believe that Socrates enai is sophoteron wiser than the genitive Aristophanes.
Than Aristophanes. Okay, see how that works? Dative I mean genitive of comparison. Mhm. Okay, one let's learn another dative. We can have something called a dative of the degree of difference. Just look at the example. Socrates
Estin is sophoteros wiser and then we just got a dative sitting there. Sitting there, polloi. Okay. He's wiser what? In the degree much. He is much wiser than Aris- Aristophanes. He is much wiser than Aristophanes is. They say by much. I like the much wiser better, but whatever. If it helps you to think by much with polloi, good. You can do the same thing with an accusative pollou.
Right? Yeah. Much. Socrates is wiser what? Then we just got this accusative thing sitting there. Well, it's technically an adverb. You mean you can take adjectives and you can make adverbs out of them with their accusative forms. Yes.
All right. Muchly. Polu just means muchly. Socrates is wiser muchly than Aristophanes.
Okay. All right. And finally, there's another expression that we can use. We can use a host or a hosti in a way that you haven't seen. Right? If you look at Pols, I'll do it in a second for you, but um let's just get the example down.
>> All right. Sorry. Oh god. Uh that's getting old, but because the new plugs with this thing never gets plugged in. Anyway, let's go back to the superlative with host and just read that example in the uh under seven. So, crates on air. Socrates,
Right? A dude on air host or hosti so fortatos. As wise as possible, they tell you in the in the uh I in the block. Not block, in the bold. Right? They as wise as possible. Host so fortatos. You see this way more with host than you do hosti. Host so fortatos as wise as possible. What did he do? Edidasken. He taught to Snenias. The young guys. Socrates, a man as wise as possible. Anair host so fortatos. That's all you need to know. Host so fortatos, right? Mhm.
Okay. Other constructions with the yet just look at the example they give Socrates Socrates hosa photatos macro
Right? The wisest macro by far.
The wisest by far. Now we're going to have a genitive of comparison. The wisest by far of the Greeks. See [snorts] how it's a genitive so kind of works in English, right? What did he do? He taught the young men. Look at the bottom one. Socrates Socrates
Ho polus sophotatos ton athenaeon the very much wisest of Athenians Again genitive of comparison. Right? Right? He's within a group. You could almost say this is a genitive of separation. Because he is in one category that is distinct from the rest of the Athenians, right? So grammarians, you know, all they're doing when they label something is try to get you to understand how it's being used. Good. [snorts] Fantastic. Finally the verb to be Amy instead of Amy. Here it's forms it means to go, right? I don't
There's nothing magical about this Amy a a c e m e t e s c. You'll notice the plurals are very different from the singulars which look a lot more like Amy the verb to be Amy esti. Yeah. Good.
And oh God, you're not going to remember this subjunctive. You're going to see EO and you're going to be like what? I was thinking that earlier I was writing it down. Yeah. Excuse me.
Allergies today. Okay, let's go. I believe that's it after they give you the participial forms of it eon going or coming. Fantastic. Oh [\\h__\\h] they gave you some numerals. I forgot. >> Numerals. Look, they're just piling on people. They're just piling on. You understand numerals it pretty good, right? Adjectives, that's all. One, two, and three. When you want to use it as an adjective here it's forms. Right? You're only going to have singular, right? Hais, mia, hen. They all mean one. As an adjective, one person.
Hais, an air. >> Yes. All right? One dude. All right? So, hais, hinos, hini, hina. Mia, mias, miai, miaon. That looks pretty standard. They all look pretty standard. Him, hinos, hini, hen. Yes. >> Hais, mia, hen. Look at two, duo.
Genitive, duoin. Dative, duoin. Uh-oh, right away you notice something's different. Duoin, duoin, duo. Okay. Do you need to memorize this? Absolutely not. Because you're going to see duo in the future and you're going to remember it's two. Yeah. And it's got funny forms, right? Same thing with trace. Look at trace, tria, trion, trisi, tria. Oh, that's pretty good. I can take it. Tria, trion, trisi, tria. You'll figure that out when you see it. As long as you remember that hais, mia, hen is one, duo is two, and trace, tria is three.
What about four? Tetarais and tetara. Tetarais, tetaron. Tetaras, tetarsi, excuse me. Tetaras. Oh god. Um what what do I recommend mouse with numerals? I recommend there's a good a part of the appendix that has everything to do with numbers. And it's a nice summary. If sometime you get a chance to go look at it, you know, it may help you kind of put everything into into perspective, right? As a matter of fact, just go. Since we don't have Since this is the one time we're ever going to do numbers, let's just go to the appendix. First one there
Is the real winner. Okay. That's Principal parts. >> Romana Eight. Okay. Where are numerals? Numerals.
Did you find them? No. Not yet. Oh, there they would be. And Look at that. Mhm. Okay, well. Where are those numerals? Oh god, did I put
By the way, just go to 589 while you're at it. Uh, okay. Numerals are at 649. Okay, so we'll go to 649 in a second. Thank you, voice. >> Okay. Thank you. Um, look at 589 first. Okay.
And I want you to recognize that this is after the end of the book. We'll finish 19 and 20, but I want you to realize there is additional grammar. Oh. Yeah. Yeah. Why didn't they just put this, right? You'd think that the that the intensive course would cover everything. It's impo- it's impossible.
You can tell in these last few chapters that we're covering, it's just a hodgepodge of stuff we're throwing in there. Right? Nice. But there's more that you will not have learned in the course. Just looking for page 589. Look, they're just giving us weird nouns.
Right? Weird nouns. The one of the bottom, there's boos. Boos. >> Right? The word for cow. Right? Nice. Boos. Right? Page 590, there's another noun. Right? What is a tri
Right? A trier. Well, it's got a really weird-looking declension. The Look, we've got pages of nouns here that have weird declensions. On page 595, we get new verbs that are going to be common.
Mhm. Right? So, do you see what's going on? You've been You have basically covered all of the grammar. Now, we're just filling in with things that you need to know about that are You're going to encounter, but you know, um there's no like there's no new types of you know, um words. There's no like totally crazy off-the-wall common expressions or um anyway.
Go Let's go to page 597. 597, you see your numerals? Uh 97, yeah. Yeah. >> Oh, nice. >> Got your cardinal Uh cardinal and your ordinal right there. Your one and two and three versus >> first, second, and third. Look at your first, second, and third. Look at your ordinals. Protos, first. Deuterus, second. Tritos, third. You realize, just as I've been saying this and you're looking at the Greek, you realize you're practicing your Greek, right? Yeah. Okay. Read me that list of ordinal numbers. I want to hear them all.
Okay. Do do do. Brutus. Do. >> [clears throat] >> Uh do it thrills. Do it thrills. Do it thrills. Okay. >> Good. Uh three toes ten toes ten toes. Yep.
And temp temp toes. Good. Uh hex toes.
Uh hex toes um hep do mas hep do mas. Uh og doze. Yeah, the eighth. Doze. >> [snorts] >> Uh Uh Very famously in the Bible the og doze that's the eighth man. >> og doze. The eighth man is a prophetic dude. Anyway, um And then Yeah, yeah. Deck deck toes. Good.
In deck toes. Yeah, isn't that nice? One and the eleven [laughter] toes. >> Do deck toes. Good. Yeah, three toes chi deck toes. Look at that. They're literally just adding the >> Three and ten. Three and ten, right? Okay. You can stop there and go to the next page and look at at the bottom of 598 where you start with with uh 1,000 um right? Helioy.
That's your thousand. What is your thousandth? Your helios toes. Right? Helio toes. Helio toes. Look at your 2,000. >> that? Oh, I'm sorry. Bottom of page 588. >> Helioy. Okay, here. I see. >> Yeah, Helioy your thousand. 2,000 dis helioy. 3,000 tris helioy. Then you get to murioy.
Wait a minute. That's 10,000. 10,000. Well, you're not seeing something here. If you read this list, you're going to think, "Okay, 10,000 is their number a high number and they go to 20,000, right? 100,000." You just keep adding them up, but what you're not seeing is when you actually read ancient Greek, murioy is just a number. It's like we say a bazillion or gazillion or something. A trillion, right? Some kind of number that's not reachable, but it's way out there. That's what's going on with the murioy.
So, you're going to think this is your 10,000, but it's not. I could have a myriad of angels, says Jesus, here right now if I wanted to. I could have a myriad of them. Does he actually mean 10,000? You'll see it translated that. But, that's not what he means. He means he could have I could have a trillion angels here if I wanted to right now. It's a number that's way out there. Anyway, okay, what was the other page? Somebody said there's another page with the numbers. What page?
I lost it now. 600 and something. Where's that voice in your head? >> [sighs] >> I was mistaken. It's just in a declension of the first three numerals. My apologies. Fans, no, that's okay. That's okay. But, it's more it's you got numerals there. Okay, so that's all I'm going to teach you about numbers besides
You need to see one thing, Magdalena, and that is that each of the alphabet um
Uh each of the alphabet letters has a number, but uh they are there are additional letters that set off the numbers. Um Ooh. >> So, I just want you to see it and note it real quick. Let's see it. Oh, this is a good one.
Okay. Boom. >> Nice. Here's a nice one. So, alpha beta gamma delta epsilon >> [sighs] >> Look at that what they did. Are you kidding me? People, you suck big ones. Let's see if I can get a better one. No, I'm going to go with a proper. I want them to see the digamma, right?
Uh, okay. I want Let's see if I can get it in this one. Uh
Nope. That's not it. Let's see if it's this one. Here we go.
That's not what I want. Oh, yeah. Look at these. Look at these. Look at the old reckoning for the 3,807 talents. Jesus Christ. You early Greeks are crazy. Right? Okay. Where's the
That's not it. I see. I swear I had a really good, you know, I had a really good page for this. Let's see, maybe it's this one.
That's not got the numbers. Damn it. Anyhow, um when you get a chance, look up. You can find good charts online. Um I'm not right now. But, you got to realize the digamma is in there. Alpha beta gamma delta epsilon digamma zeta eta theta, right? So, they put the verb You know what they're doing? Oh god, that's a biblical group. God, I hate when they do that [\\h__\\h] Okay, where did you go? Boom. Uh, boom. Okay. Negative pronouns.
And adjectives, oudeis, oudemia, ouden, and mêdeis, mêdemia, mêden. Both of them meaning not anyone, not one of these, right? Mêdeis. Right? Oudeis, not one of these, right? There's nothing. Right? Look at the examples. Ouk. Apeisin Well, actually, go to the bottom of this one. Look at this example right here. This is a perfect. Oulou the se tai. Oudemia polis.
Oupote oudeni. Tropôi. How many negatives do we have here? We got one at the beginning. Okay. To negativize the verb. Then we got one here, negative. Here's our adjective describing our polis, right? It's no one or none, no polis, no city.
So, our verb is being negativized, our city is being negativized, and then this dative of expressing how it's going to be done. It's dative of manner here. What is it doing? Oupote, it's it's got
It's got not only its own negative, oudeni tropôi, Mhm. but it's got another negative just to indicate um it's >> [snorts] >> not ever going to happen, right? It's never going to be this way. >> Never ever. Three, four. There's like four in there. Yeah, you've got four negatives. So, you've heard of a double negative and in English we're always saying, "Oh, don't don't use a double negative." The Greeks use the double negative all the time. But here they're using a quadruple negative.
Right? Quad negative. Yeah. No city oudemia polis ou pote ou luthesetai. No city will ever not be freed. Right? Those are all just negatives, just piling on. No city will ever be freed oudeni tropoi, in no way.
Right? Which we have to translate back into English as in any way. Right? No city [snorts] will not be freed ever in in uh in no way. >> [laughter] >> Yeah. [snorts] So, it feels translating every exercise. Yeah.
That's what it feels like. Right? Now, they notice Now, look at the bottom. Just in case you thought you understood that those multiple negatives just just add up to a pa- add up to one negative in English, but a compound negative followed by a simple negative produces a positive. Oh, [\\h__\\h] you're kidding me. oudeis ouk ephugen. Nobody, there's your subject, nobody ephugen
Fled. ouk Nobody did not flee. Is what that says. Nobody did not flee, but we wouldn't say that in English. That's a double negative. We switch that, right? So, everyone fled. No one didn't flee.
>> [Sighs] >> You're kidding. So, it switches, yeah. Yeah, that double negative, right? Turns into positive. Not nobody fled becomes everyone fled.
>> [Sighs] >> Damn it. Sometimes it's like that. Now,
Unattainable wish. Oh god. Unattainable. God. You just have a wish that's unattainable. Can we just go see him? Right? Mhm. Here's the regular one with the optative, right? Paul Simon. Right? If only we may bring an end to the enemy. And if only we stopped may we stop the enemy. Watch what happens when you switch it into the indicative. Right? A god a power man. Would that or if only we were stopping
The enemy. If only we were stopping the enemy, but we're not, right? Mhm. Right? It's something that's not going to happen. It's an unattainable wish. Okay. But, it's formulated just like a normal wish. Kind of. >> Yeah, right. Right. Okay. You're just switching out of the optative is all and you're making it more concrete by using an indicative. Look at that bottom one. Would that if only hope Paul me oy. If only the enemy may any case on.
Right? Mhm. Had not uh been victorious. Right? Mhm. God.
And right, but you're just still you're just still taking advantage of the tense of that knee case. >> Yeah. That's all. That's all you're doing. Oh god. In a negative wish in the past. Right? Oh god. Yeah. Beautiful. All right. Now, let's go That's it for 17. I just want to ask you cognitively, that's a lot, but did you understand? Yeah, I think I understood all of it. Good. Good. So, see, it's not like Okay, you happen to be advanced, but okay, let's just all right, fine. Let's leave
It at that. Go now to unit 18, and I'm not going to go one page at a time. I want to um bird's-eye view. This is the 15 to 17 exam. Just jump to unit 18. Okay. Number one.
We're going to get the verb. Hiemi. Notice there's a rough breathing on it, like hiemi. Yeah. This is yakio in Latin, if you've ever had yakio, to hurl or to throw or to just to send something. And it's going to be joined This little verb hiemi is going to be joined with a whole bunch of prefixes. That's all. Here is forms hiemi, and then something with heso, heka. Oh, god, are you kidding? It doesn't even have It really doesn't does it stand on its own? It does, but you're
Going to see it in compound form way more often. Right? Okay. I hurl, hiemi. All right, you do, hies. He, she, it does, hiesi. Hiemin, hietai, hiesi. Okay, they don't look a lot different from the ami forms, right? Okay, we got the little me in the beginning. Look, we got a little me verb thing going on here, right? Okay, good. Good, good, good. It's not a big deal. Not a big deal. Um here's the participles.
Here's the present and imperfect for the middle passive. Look at the main soto, metha, sta, nto endings. Okay, my, sai, tai, metha, sta, ntai endings. They're all there. Nothing new for you to learn. Got the heiress. Oh God, we're going to be joining it. >> [sighs] >> Watch what happens. Just keep going.
They're going to give us the vocabulary cuz you're going to have to see he Amy in practice. That's all. They're going to give us an indefinite relative pronoun. An indefinite relative pronoun. What is that? I don't even know what that is. Just look at the example they give in bold hostis haitis hautier.
Whoever? Whoever. Yeah, it's indefinite. That's where the the That's where the indefinite nature of it is coming. Whoever. We You know, who would be an individual we know. Mhm. >> But whoever or whatever is something that is indefinite.
And they tell you it serves also as the indirect interrogative pronoun. Right? Who or what? Who or what? Oh God. Okay, so how am I going to know? Here are the forms. Hostis haitis hautier. Right? Look at its genitive houtinos. That's pretty straightforward. Right? Yeah. It is a relative, right? It's a relative pronoun. I want you to notice that. >> Not to with a t. Mhm. So it's going to have the same ending. Look, it's just a combination of that interrogative t s writer that indefinite
T s with that relative pronoun hostis houtinos. But both of them are changing their forms, right? Both of them
All right. Okay, so it it'll take you a while to get used to it to say oh both front and back are changing its forms, right? >> [sighs] >> Like when you see hauntinon in the genitive plural. Why are you kidding me? It's completely declined, right? This whole thing is declined. Okay. Forget the accents. Let's just see how to use it. How to use it. The following sentences will illustrate. Okay, thank you. Hostis, whoever boye kaka, whoever does bad things paesitai
Will endure kaka, bad things. Whoever does bad things. Look, there's nothing difficult about the grammar. We're just translating it straight up with those indicatives, boye and paesitai straight up. We're just translating hostis as whoever. And notice that hostis is in the nominative. It's got to be because it's the subject. Whoever does evil things will suffer evil.
Yeah. Yeah. Now look at some of the another use of it below. Hostis on kaka boye
All right. Whoever. Now they translate it does evil things. I want you to keep in your mind whoever's the type of person to do evil things. Right? Notice it's got an on. Why? Well, it's like a potential. Yeah, exactly. Right? It's giving you the idea that this is not in the indicative. That's all. This is not indicative. It's not whoever does. Right? It's the type of person. It's not right now that we're looking them. But it's the type of persons, right? That we're talking about. Ow. Hostis on kakos.
Whoever would be evil All right. Kaka boye, does evil things. So you can see you can kick it into this world. This indefinite world.
Direct and indirect interrogatives. This chart is helpful to who what? These are all your questions on the left side. Poios, what kind? They say of what sort, but you Poios, what kind is it, right? Posos, how much of it do you have? Pauteros, which of these two are you talking about? For all of those, you can have an indefinite.
So, your tis goes to hostis. Who is tis? Hostis, whoever. Poios, what kind is it? Hopoios. It's of some kind. Right? Posos, how many? Well, hoposos, it can be however many. Pauteros, which of the two? Hopauteros, whichever of the two. So, okay, good.
Good. And then we get indefinite adverbs. Now, we're going to get adverbs. Another chart. Again, Madeline, as you're reading Greek, do you have to translate all of these interrogatives? You're going to forget. What the hell was pauthen? And what are you going to do? You're just going to do like this. You're not going to go back to your grammar and say, "Wait a minute, this is one of those interrogatives or something?" No, you're just going to do this. Pauthen, you're going to look it up. Yeah.
>> Um. Mhm, and then this. >> you're going to click on it and you're going to see interrogative adverb and you're going to remember, "Oh, yeah. It's an interrogative adverb and it means from what place."
You know, whence they say. I hate that, that's old English. Whence. Yeah.
And then look at the bottom, number two. From what place or >> You can have it from some place or other. From some place or other. Oh, God, right? And it's Ionian. Now, this is what's going to kill you. You're going to see this word someday as calthin and you're going to try to look it up and you you're going to be like, "What the hell?" And then you're going to be reminded, "Oh, wait a minute. It's just calthin. It's just calthin. Why do the Ionians change the P to a kappa?"
Mhm. To not confuse it from Um I don't know. Is it maybe? Maybe? I don't know. >> [clears throat] >> I don't know. And if you click on calthin, by the way, it's going to bring you back cuz there really isn't the word. That's just a dialectical variation. So, if you don't know how to look this thing up, oh god, it's going to confuse you. If you're reading an Ionian work, right? But don't worry. Don't worry. Okay, let me let me go back to the Okay.
Here's your direct interrogatives, your indefinite relatives, more. Then you get indirect question. We've had indirect statement. Now we've got indirect question. Just look at the examples. He asks, this is a direct quote. This isn't isn't indirect. What are you What are they doing? That's direct quote. If you want to say he asks and then put it into indirect statement, right? Here it's question. He asked what they are doing. He asks what they are doing. So, instead of that here, you're going to say use what as an interrogative. Just give me
Some examples. Look, give me some examples. Direct and indirect questions. Right? >> Excuse me. A Right? A is your verb to be. Mhm. You are. Tis is just asking who. Who are you? Just a question. Who are you? Right? Now, here's indirect form. Erōtai,
He asks hostis A. He asks who you are. Now, it's a question, right? But it's not a question. In these indirect questions, we're not going to put a question mark after it. Because it's reported indirectly. He asks who you are. Do you see how that works? Uh-huh. Good. Okay, it's pretty it's straightforward. Which one did this, right? Pol telos. Which one of the two right? Touto epoiesen.
Who did this? And by the way, that touto, it's got its it's got its omicron elided at the end of it. Notice that the Uh-huh. Right? You're going to have to start recognizing that is touto, right? Not toutai or something, right? Okay. Um we asked eirotesamen
Pol telos. Which one of the two poie sayen. Poie sayen did this. Look at that. We kicked it. It poie kicked it into that aorist, and what happened to it? Right? Kicked it into the past. We're following the tense just like we do just like we do it with the indirect statement. Is Euripides smart? E uripides sophos esti? Right? You could translate that no problem. How Why do you turn that into its indirect? E uripides sophos esti.
They're trying to get fancy on us. You will ask A if E uripides Euripides esti sophos. Now, that A there is not the true A of the conditional. All right? That's why they put if in parentheses.
So, you have to realize when you look up A, oh, I promised you we would do this. Um we're going to look up A, but we'll also look up hos. Look at this. When you look up hos, look at what happens just on the main search page. Look at you get hos hos hos hos hos hos. How many times? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. Max. Look at all the meanings. Look at all the meanings it means on the right, right? Click on it. Watch what happens.
How many ways different ways have we seen hos? Well, they're going to summarize them. You can see it as an adverb of manner. You can see it as a conjunction. Here's its adverb of manner laid out for your hos demonstratively equals hutos, which is in this way or so or thus, right? Thus did they do it. Hos
Did they do it. >> [snorts] >> Here's a kaihos. What happens when you put a kai with it? Even so. Nevertheless. Yeah. Look, the kai becomes adverbial kai.
Not and so, but even so. Instead of the conjunction, it becomes That's the kind of stuff that you'd notice as you've been reading for a while. You're like, "Oh, look. It's switching to its adverbial form cuz it's more comfortable, right?" In comparisons.
All right? When you're giving an example, you can use it. You can use it as relative hos as Homer does, right? Properly, it's relative. Right?
>> [Sighs] >> And then they give you an example. You can use it with similes like or as. Hos hutos. Right? Just as this guy. Right? In a sense, according as and right? Now look, we just looked at comparatives.
And they they tell you after comparative, compared with compared with something. Mhm. >> [sighs] >> Adverbial clauses parenthetically, you can use it. Look at the what they give you in Greek. Hōs oikē, as it seems. That's a qualifying clause.
Right? This is parenthetically. As it seems, this little expression here it's like outside of the main thought. >> [sighs] >> You can use it. Right? Look what happens, you can get anacoluthon. Anacoluthon. Do Does anybody know what that is?
Do any of the voices know what anacoluthon >> No. Not at all.
Ana is through. Colu is is from koluo to hinder. So, maybe something that Oh, a door banged shut. There you go. >> [laughter] >> A sentence or construction in which the expected grammatical sequence is absent.
Okay? For example, while in the garden, the door banged shut. Yeah. >> [laughter] >> Okay. So, hōs can create can introduce this. It's an oddity in the grammatical construction. It's just like, okay, we're going to change our normal appearance, but it's going to have the same structure.
>> [Sighs] >> Seriously? Seriously. Where's the rest of hōs? I want to bring us the rest of hōs cuz I want you to see. Mhm. I want you to see it just how it goes on. Look with with adverbs you can use it in these different ways. They're not naming them. Right? But with the positive degree, hōs al- alēthōs
With adverbs expressing anything extraordinary. Thaumastos, that that which is most amazingly done. Right? Thaumastos, that's just It's just ordinary, right? Anything beyond what is ordinary. Thaumastos, very You know, thauma is like a sight. It's like a um It's almost like a miracle, but it's like a something that is, you know, that you're encountering that is causing you to be aw- like, "Aw, I'm in awe." Right? Yeah. Yeah, okay. Anyway, um as they're This is a type we just learned, right? With the superlative, it means as much as can be or as much as possible.
Yeah. Now, look how far down the page that is. That's down Where? Wait, what? Well, what about all these other forms? Did we learn them? Did we learn the hos with a conjunction? Did we learn the final clauses, the purpose clauses?
Look, they're all in there. Mhm. To express consequence. Oh god, it keeps going. Look, you can use hos in independent sentences. Yeah. >> You can just use hos as an exclamation. How something, how Here they have how silly.
Hos ano-on. Look at hos ano-on. Mhm. How without mind. No-on is mind, right? So, ano-on, how without mind? What is this? It's just like it's an exclamation, you know? Aw. Your heart is full of stupidity, right? How stupid is is your heart? Oh god. Here's Here's a good one. How charming. Right? Horse, asteos. Oh god, can we finally see a nice word? This guy is about the town. Right? Cuz an an asteos is a city, dude. What is somebody who is citily citily?
And that equals polite. And it's the opposite of agroikos, right? The ag here is that which is wild. Right? Agroikos. You're You're a a rube. You're a hillbilly, agroikos. You're not asteos. You're not of the city.
Unrefined, right, exactly. Don't be unrefined. Be of the city. Be elegant. Look, they put witty there, too. I'm not quite sure. I'm not quite sure. I don't know. Thinking about how I seen it
Here it's used ironically. Right? With kerdos being a thing and that being a a charming piece of luck, asteos kerdosa. A pretty piece of luck, that's irony? >> [sighs]
>> If I describe your appearance with this word for citified, it means pretty or graceful. All right? Notice they also put handsome down here. And right next to it is the Septuagint. So, dude, if you're not doing this classical work, you're not Believe me, you're not qualified. Study that. >> Yeah, for sure. Yeah. You can have blood that's of the city. Yeah.
Blood hellebore, which is a drug, Yeah. Blood hellebore, which is a drug, a plant, and oinos, wine. a plant, and oinos, wine. You can have these things that are of the city. The astu. You can have that as a type of as an expression, like you can describe your blood or your hellebore or your wine as being of the city. It doesn't mean it's coming from a city. It means it's of a of a refined nature. It's bougie.
Bougie, is that what bougie is? Mhm. Okay. >> I think. Oh my god, you just showed how old I am. Bougie, how do you spell that? Bougie. >> [laughter] >> I don't know. Yeah, in French, yeah.
Someone or something that is pretentious, upper middle class. Yeah, I can see. I can see it's from bourgeois. I can see that's uh Yeah, exactly. Bougie, I like that. It's not You're not from the countryside. You're you're one of those upper crusty [\\h__\\h] who is from the city and loves things with refined tastes and whatnot.
I guess nothing changes, huh? Mhm. No. Is it a matter of why are we doing this? Is it a matter of
I mean, are you really an antiquity looking at the city versus the agrarian countryside where the farmers are all are. Right? Are you really looking at it as a difference between what is delicate or charming and what is rude?
>> [Sighs and gasps] >> If I leave you with that impression, it's going to it's going to make things too simple. Because the same people See, after reading all these texts Yeah. you can see the difference between the countryfied and the city folk. Yeah. Right? But the problem is most of the people in antiquity are farmers.
Most of them the overwhelming majority of these populations of these Greek-speaking cities, they're all farmers and they're using the city, but they still have a state that not a states, but they still have either small farming operations or big ones.
So, it's really I don't know. It's really to make you think that it's that simple as between hillbilly and, you know, urban person, urban dweller or something. It's >> [sighs] >> it's a little bit You form the opinion as you're reading. That's what you need to do. As you're reading, you figure out from all the Greek texts that you've seen. And Madalena, this is something you're going to you're going to encounter cuz okay, we're going to get you to the end of this intensive course. We're going to fill you with all of these possibilities for these different
Types of nouns. And all this stuff we're going to dump into your brain these last few units just to let you know that these things are out there. And we're going to practice the exercises just to let you know that if you stick to the reason, you can translate. And you can get this done. But >> Yeah. having said all of that, what you're going to do after this intensive course is you're going to go on to reading. You're going to go on to jumping into
The actual reading with your Greeks Smyth with your Greek grammar from Smyth just in case you got to look something up and figure out a a very complex form or something. You're going to go on to read and as you're reading you're going to develop a sense. Right?
The difference between the countryside in the city is not cut and dry. In some places it's going to mean this, some places it's going to be that, right? Yeah. So experience is important. That's all I'm trying to say. Okay. Experience is important. Okay, it's 9:40. Let's I want to go back to the I want to screen share again and I want to go back.
Cuz I want to ask you now to tell me Okay.
Notice on page 530 and I think this goes to yeah to 531. Is it two? Yeah, it's only two pages. Notice at the end of this thing these two I hate that they did it on the Here, let me get the regular book. Go to page Just go to page 530.
See, I don't think I'm going to be able to do this unless um I'm working with people that are assimilating as quickly as you. I think I'm going to have to make a like a rule that you got to be you got to meet the Madalena threshold in order to be able to get through a full week >> If you want to Yeah, if you want to do it in that time frame. Yeah. Yeah, no, no, no. Like So, look at this, Madeline. If you and I had 10 weeks,
Okay, you can check out that chart in 535 31. It's all of your interrogatives, your indefinites, and your demonstratives, and your relatives, all laid out for you. It's a very nice chart. Enjoy. If you're going to get into that, maybe let me make sure that we got Yep, good. Okay. Look.
All of this material Let me stop sharing. All of this material now, you have we're approaching the last couple of units. You just had an exam on after 17. That was 18. You just had an exam after 17. So, you should be able to translate
That exam just like it's an exercise, right? We've built you up to the point that you can go to any part of this book, look at the exercises, and go ahead and translate them. If you don't know the material, you can look in the chapter and say, "Oh, wait a minute, this is indirect questions, and this is how it's used." That's what I was doing with you today when I said, "You teach me and then I teach What kind of construction is this? Let's go back in the book and look at it." So, look, you don't need any more
Instruction on how to learn Greek. You have the basic operating system there. Now, you're going to have to refine it. Yeah. You're going to have to refine it. You're going to have to add more constructions. Oh, this is new. How You're going to have to exercise it. Like you were just given a whole bunch of me verbs. Mhm. Didomi, histemi, and tithemi. Those three verbs, I guarantee you, 25% if you go right now and read a text, 25% of your time is going to be dealing
With odd forms like those. Yeah. And getting them down and saying, "Oh [\\h__\\h] I got to go back and I got to review my optatives, my future optative. Oh [\\h__\\h] what do those look like again?" 25% of what you're going to do is that. Another 25% of what you you're doing is looking up words. All right? Yeah. >> At least a quarter of your time translating, at least if not more, half. Looking up words. Yeah. Okay? So, realize that you have experienced
The proper operation of the basic ancient Greek operating system. But, this is only the basics of your training. Yeah. Now, you need to go on and you need to use a text and a translation
And a grammar and a lexicon. Yeah. And you need to start educating your own system like at it's I I don't know how to describe it. It's like adding supplements or you know how you my son is a video game fanatic, right? He's really good. And he's always getting extensions or you know, updates um
To add to the game to be able to expand it, you know, and to do new missions or whatever. So, this is the same thing with the Greek. There are all sorts of add-ons that you can have now. Um all of them will function within the universe of your basic operating system that you are laying down. Notice I say you're not done when you're unit 20. You have just laid down the basics. Basically, what it is is you have been you have learned the ability to assimilate the material. Yeah.
>> Now, I'm telling you there's more material out there. Oh, yeah. modules all sorts of little kind little weird ass constructions. There are things that you're going to see in different dialects. You and I haven't None of these None of the quotes that they're going to have at the end of the chapters at the end of the units None of these are going to be in Dorian.
Right. You and I haven't looked at Dorian. You're going to look at Dorian if I give you if I say tomorrow I want you to show up and I want you to read the first five lines of Pindar's um fourth Pythian ode. You're going to find all It's going to look like Chinese to you. You're going to say You're going to say, "God damn it. I have been doing this 20 units we're going to get through and this Pindar looks to me like it's a totally foreign language,
You know?" Yeah. Yes. That's the trick. You're going to have to do that with Homer. You're going to have to do that with Dorian, the Ionian. But, you had to start somewhere. You had to start with the Attic. We started you with the most pure. From the Attic, you can derive all of that stuff. Yeah. But, you're going to have to set up your operating system before you can add those modules. Most people or those modules, not nodules. Nodules are what you get if you're sick,
Right? Modules. If you add those modules, you will augment your power. So, that when you're sitting there translating with me right now, you've had the basics of Attic. So, if you spend the next 2 months reading Attic Greek, you'll be very comfortable. You'll be in a good place. Like, what I would recommend for you right now, after that we finish the 20 units, if I were you, I would go out and I would purchase or I would steal off the internet Apollodorus,
His library. Okay. I would steal it and I would read the whole god damn thing. Okay? I would read it all. After 3, 4, 5 days of just reading 10, 15 lines, you're going to notice that your your pace quickens, cuz you're only working one author. And the the funny trick is that we don't know, but it's a it's a reality. It's not intuitive, but it's a reality. Any author you work with is going to have a limit to their own vocabulary. Right? It's just what they are more used
To using. Mhm. So, you will learn those limits very quickly, and you will start to gain that person's vocabulary. And you'll you'll be reading the last third of it at twice the speed that you read the first two thirds. Right? You'll be reading it way faster because you'll be used to this person's vocabulary. So, what I would recommend is right after we finish, right after we finish, that you get Apollodorus's library.
Okay. If you stop for 1 day, you will lose ground. Mhm. This is a phenomenon a phenomenon of Ancient Greek. If I go after 35 years plus, if I stop for 1 day, I lose ground. If Scarborough stopped for one day, he lost ground.
It's a phenomenon. You're going to have to exercise your Greek constantly, but not like the way that we have done it. Cuz that will kill you. Nobody will do that, right? You have to read things that you find interesting. Read the library. Skip over boring parts. Jump to parts that are fighting. Read those exciting parts. If you can keep yourself happy
While you're exercising, you'll exercise more. And it'll get to a point where it is like me, where now it's an obsession. Right? This morning, let me give you an example. This morning, I'm just trying to give you the big picture as we approach the end of the text. This morning I was reading I'm doing my Satan searches, right? I'm doing all the TLG on Satan. And not only am I doing Satan, but I'm doing compound searches for terms that are associated with Satan. And as I'm finding these
Texts, I found a I as I'm looking through these texts, I found a whole new one that nobody's translated. There's no [\\h__\\h] I didn't even look, but I guarantee it, there's no translation of this thing. Well, having said that, there may be. But what do I do it? As I see it, oh crap, this is a new work. Okay? I read the first couple lines of it, and I'm like, oh God. It is Koine out the butt. Right? So, I put on my Koine hat, and I
Told Joey, I was like, watch this, right? I'm going to watch So, what do I do? I competitively competitively see how fast I can read it. Right? See how fast I can get it. And um you're going to do this. It's going to be a it's going to be a compulsion because the more you learn of the Greek the more appreciation you will have for it and the more you look back on yourself and say, "Oh my god.
I thought I knew so much and I and now there's this and it just it'll blow your world. It's something about ancient Greek that'll It's an It's an unending pool of gorgeous resources that are that are there for you. It's just I can't explain it. It's just gorgeous. It's just absolutely gorgeous. For for 18
Boom And now if you were university, I would have a reading class and I would enroll you in the reading class and we could read all of the library together, all of Paul Dorus's library together. I would love that. Um that would be gorgeous and we would start off and you'd be reading 10 to you'd be reading 20 lines, 10 to 20 lines a class and by the end of the class you'd be reading 100. And and that's where that's where we need to get so you really continue. Go
We have some Aristophanes from The Knights. Some Aristophanes from The Knights and that goes all the way to Plato's Gorgias. And they're working up. They're working up to make it. Okay, so I'm going to give you a choice. Okay. I'm going to give you a choice. Let me just make sure 17.
Uh for this [laughter] for the work that I want you to do for tomorrow.
Uh Okay. You can choose either Plato, Aristophanes. Oh, yeah, these are the orders, that's why. I hate the [\\h__\\h] orders. Or um there's more Plato's Gorgias on page 510. So,
I will let you choose for yourself.
Okay. Another six to eight exercises from unit 18. All right. >> That's one thing I want you to do. Okay. A few more, and then I want you to choose. I want you to choose. Do you want to do some Just tell me now, would you rather do Aristophanes or Plato? Those are two totally different thing, ball game. So, Aristophanes is the comedian, right? Writing stuff that we don't understand it because we don't read the Greek. It's not funny to us, right? Because we don't read the Greek. So, you
Can You'll have access to that. Maybe it'll be funny. Or we can do some of Plato's Gorgias, and I will sit there and hold my breath while we do it, but it's good Greek, and you need to learn it, and he'll do He'll use some duals, some good Attic duals, and that's that'll be good for you. So, you choose, Plato or Aristophanes?
It makes no difference to me, really. Um we can do Aristophanes. You want to do Aristophanes? I'm so glad you chose that. Thank you. You did that just cuz you knew that I hate Plato. Okay.
Plato's good training, but it's it's I just don't like Plato. Okay, then what we'll read is this first section. So, I want you to do six to eight exercises from unit 18. Okay. Six to eight exercises from unit 18. And then um
Just 1 2 3 4 these five lines that start on page 538 from Aristophanes night. I just want you to focus on that. Okay, let's see that's >> Right. six to eight exercises for you and five to six lines. Okay, and with the rest of your time Mhm. from your tight tight schedule
I want you to look Yeah, that's what we do. I want you to go to See, I'm thinking I have to cut now because it's so fast. I want you to go to Uh
Where were those? 18 five and then hang on. Let me figure this out.
Here's what I want you to do. Instead of your eights instead of your six to eight from unit 18 I want you to go to the exam before 18 and I want you to do all of these on page 516.
I want you to do No, that's the review. Where's the [\\h__\\h] Where's the exam, though?
Wasn't it before? It was 17, right? After 17. >> It was. What page is that on? Just for that exam. Mhm.
It was between 16 and 17, or was it? Page uh
Which I don't >> [clears throat] >> I don't know where it's at. >> Where are the voices in your head when we need them? Damn it.
I'm looking Okay. Just Just go to page 516. The Just go to page 516 and look at the review for 15 to 17.
And I want you to do I want you to do number one. And Madalena, please, when you're doing these, look at what's in the parentheses cuz I want you to see all the structures. Okay? Number one, number two, number three, number four,
And number five. Numbers one, two, three, four, and five, I want you to do those looking at the grammar that's underneath them. And when we start, so don't do any exercise from 18. Just do these first five on page 516. And when we start, we're going to do it as if it were your exam. Okay? I want you to be able to translate these completely, explaining to me what the structures are, the grammatical structures, explaining it 100%
As if it were your exam. Okay? So, why are we doing this? It's just extra prepping you to see that you've you've learned what they need to what you're able to jump over the obstacle you need to jump over. So, let me repeat one more time. For tomorrow, we've got the first five from the review on page 518 5
16 And then we've got Aristophanes about five lines from the knights. Okay. Aristophanes and hopefully what you'll begin doing is applying your grammatical analysis from the exercise to your grammatical analysis of Aristophanes or the the actual Greek text. So tomorrow as we translate we'll start with these exercises and then I'll tell you okay, we're done with those now I want you to do Aristophanes. I want you to explain to me the grammar of Aristophanes just like you would from the exercises, okay? Okay. Okay, that should that should be
Able to trip the getting over the hurdle. Okay, fantastic. Thank you for being a uh uh guinea pig in all of this. Mhm, of course. Yeah. My pleasure. It's an honor. You're welcome to come on tomorrow at at the end of the show if you want to. If you don't want to, you don't have to, okay? So if I'll send you a link if you come I will have you say something. If you don't I will talk about where you are and the fact that you're almost
Finished and the fact that you cat you caught me trying to turn a future into an aorist and that is most embarrassing. Most embarrassing but the best students do that, right? That's what you want. You want that kind of initiative. So well done soldier, beautiful job. Thank you. Anything else I can do? Any questions for me? Um [sighs] Nope. I I'm I'm excited for tomorrow and um I'm working on this stuff so Good.
Good. Make sure and read 19 and 20 for the fun of it. Okay? Yeah. Yeah. Okay. >> [laughter]
>> Madalena, it's a real honor to be able to work with you. I really appreciate it. And I'm really afraid that you're going to kill my You're going to kill my curve and yeah, because you're you're
So, you know, congratulations. Congratulations. If you were my student at university, I would insist I would insist on getting you into all every one of the reading courses that we could. And people would say, "No, she's taking too many." And I would say, "Fuck you. She's going to go way beyond where where your average student's going to go." So, I would push in that direction. Okay, I'll I'll leave you alone. Get some Get some sleep. Um good night to all the voices. Thanks, by the way, for all the help tonight. All right? Maybe
That's something we learned, too, is that you guys can be helpful in that way, backing up, right? So, thanks. Okay. Thank you, guys. Have a good night. >> Yeah. Good night. Good night. See y'all. You. Awesome, Madalena. Congrats, Maddie. Thank you.