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20260505-Ancient Greek Intensive Course - Part 16

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How are you, Madalena? I'm pretty good. How are you? I'm doing well. I don't know if you noticed, but these two units, 13, 14, go together very well, don't they? Yeah.

They are just I mean, all it's doing is finishing up the me verbs for us. Yeah. And we're getting all their forms. Oh God. It's still a lot. Did you read? Were you able to make it through them? Yeah, I I read 13 and 14, and um went over the vocab a little bit. Um Yeah. >> What was your impression? Um

Uh there's me verbs and this is a lot. >> [laughter] >> I'm a little overwhelmed. Uh A couple of a couple of little extra things for us to do there at the end of each chapter, like an object clause of effort. Yeah. >> [sighs] >> Whatever the [\\h__\\h] that is, right? Oh God. And then accusative of respect and accusative of respect and dative respect compared. Yeah, that was 13. That was 13. Those There's things Okay. Let's do this so that we don't kill it. Okay. >> Let's go to page 381.

Okay. Which is the vocab. And I just want you to pick it. Let's look for one like really serious word in that entire group of words, and let's look up uh that on the LSJ just to expand our mind. Um go ahead and and read me. Or do you have one in Do you have one in mind you want to do? No. Nope. You can pick. You tell me. No, I'm going to make you pick. >> All right.

Do uh kratos.

Okay. So they give us strength or power. Right? Strength or power. Now let's learn where we get our strength or power from. Let's go to kratos. Right? So strength and power um kratos is not going to be huge, right? But let's see if we can blow it into something you know, like see it like more native, like they were seeing it. Okay, so we get that strength and might right up front. Especially in Homer of bodily strength, that's fine. Oh God. Look at the bottom of the first

Paragraph um in the middle. Second, it's like the third to bottom. Hairen kata, and then a kappa, which is kratos, right? But they're going to put it in a different case, kraton, right? Oh God, it's actually neuter kratos, right? So it's the same thing. Okay, what does that mean? To take something by storm. Hairen to take it, right? To take it kata, according to its kratos, according to its strength.

>> [Sighs] >> Take something by storm. That's neat, huh? Personified. Surprised that it's personified, but then look at number two, that's interesting. Power. You're not getting that, are you? Are you pulling that in? Power. What's the difference between strength and power? Right? I mean, seriously, why are we using two English words to define this thing? Number three is mastery or victory over. Okay.

Ah, [sighs] it's Pythagorean 10. Did you get a chance to see any of the sacred numbers?

The sacred numbers like in the book that you suggested? Yeah. I looked a little bit through it in the PDF, but I didn't read very deeply. Okay. Number 10 is strength or power. And look at this. Wike

Yeah. >> [clears throat] >> Kaikratos polemion.

>> [Gasps and sighs] >> God. All right. Um yeah. Is that a Is that a Looks like it possibly is an ancient concept, doesn't it? I mean it. >> [sighs] >> Um um when I say ancient, I mean Bronze Age. I'm curious >> a diagram? Yeah, right. I'm curious what the Pythagorean um theology of arithmetics says about it, but it's the name for 10. Why is 10 strength and power and mastery?

There's a reason for that, and it should make sense to us. But it doesn't. Okay, hit me some of these. Hit me some of these verbs. Let Look at that. Let's start manthano. Hit me manthano. Manthano.

Uh >> [clears throat] >> mathesomai.

Emathon ematheka.

Yeah, and there's no fifth or sixth principal part. Cuz you don't can't do that passively, right? Mhm. Yeah. Yeah. You can't learn. You got to learn something, right? You got to have an object there. Manthano. I understand. Now take Go to the third principal part, emathon. Take off >> Emathon. Take off the epsilon and the ending, and you get the base. The ending is on, so it's second aorist, so math is the root. So if you just take that math and you put ates on the end of it, it's going to be somebody who does

Something. So a mathetes is somebody who learns. That's funny. Yeah. >> Yeah. And that's the word for disciple or um um the students of Jesus, right? Mhm. My mathetes, right? Cuz why? They're learning. They're learning. What do you do when you machomai? Machomai, fight.

Mach [sighs] machomai.

Uh emaches. Uh emach emachesamen.

Oh my gosh. Um and then emach hemay. Good. To fight, and it takes a dative. It takes a dative. Don't you remember the whole fight or battle is the mache? Right? So it's not It's not It shouldn't You should be recognizing that mach root. Yeah. Yeah. >> it's got terrible principal parts. These things are terrible. Right? It's rough rough to say. Right. Now if we had all day, we would sit and chant these off and memorize them all, but you don't have time. Metadidomi. Hopefully you just crammed

The first, you know, six, seven units, eight units of principal parts into your head. Right? Hopefully that's That's set there. But if we had more time, I would say um Okay, let's go over our principal parts, and we do this every day. Metadidomi.

Uh meta, the prefix by itself, they say, "indicates sharing or change." Notice that's not a translation, right? It's just telling you when you add a meta onto something, you're going to indicate sharing or change. So metadidomi,

To give a share to. Mhm. To literally meta plus give, to give meta. Share give. Yeah. Yeah. Mhm. Mhm. Metanistamai. Oh, do that one. That one's That Those are long as hell. Go ahead. Um

To share a a s- s- stand? >> [clears throat] >> No. No, no, no. Metan I was like that. Read Read the principal. Okay. >> Oh, but you're Yes. No, but look what you're doing. Yes, it's meta. Oh good. I'm so Thank you for doing that. I wasn't paying attention. Point extra points for you, right? It's Right? Okay. It's Yeah, it's [clears throat] got Look, you're building the roots. Yeah, good. Having a share in some kind of standing up, right? Okay, go ahead.

>> Good. Good. And what is that? Here, let's do this. To migrate. Okay. Let's do it Let's do this one, too. >> Yeah.

Oh, did I just Oh my god, I'm going to embarrass myself. Where's Oh, look at this. Look, I was looking at Michael Sallis.

Look, this is basin the teen Magdalena. Love it. Where is the goddamn mess Oh god, you [\\h__\\h] Look at I just

Oh my god. I think I'm losing it.

>> [Snorts]

>> Look what I did. What is that? That's an Atticization there of the Dorian.

Why am I not getting this right? Oh people, edit this out. You must edit this out.

>> Why is LSJ not is is blocking it? That's weird.

Oh my god. Why the [\\h__\\h] are they blocking it? I don't know why. I'm sorry if that's I've never I've never Isn't the theta a Q?

There's no theta though. Listen, there's no theta in it. Okay, never mind. Yeah, no, but thank you though. Why is it not working, people? Here, I'm going to try it again. I can't believe it.

No. Interesting. Interesting. They've What did they forget the Did they forget the word entry? Here, watch. People, when it locks up when it when it locks up like this, there's one thing you can do. How do I get to the top?

No, the top of this. Let's see. It's this one that I need. Um sometimes you can go with words starting with And let's see if we can put it Ah, there we go. You you It's a computer [\\h__\\h] glitch or something. Look at Okay, there we go. It's metan histemi. Do you see That's what I put at the beginning was that long lengthen alpha because that's what you do. Remove from your own country though, boring. Remove or revert. Remove, migrate.

>> [Sighs] >> It's not very exciting, is it? All of that for not very exciting. But what we learn Look, let me show you again what I just did. Get that Get that thing off there. Where is it? There we go. People, when you don't have all of the It's because it's metan histemi. Right? And it's not um with the alpha on the end, right? In this case. So, in its lexical entry. So, um uh If you if you've got some kind So, it was technically my mistake. But if you've got some kind of glitch where

You're not getting in, cut off the last third of the word and just start with this search that says word starting with. Okay? And that's what you'll get it from. Good. All of that for Damn it. Look at this. >> [laughter] >> Where'd that song go? Oh god, I want to show you something. Um This is the Galen where he talks about something beautiful that I'm going to bring tomorrow night. And this is the Michael Sallis where he brings in the poetry of the great dragoness.

Oh god, you can laugh at. Okay, sorry. Um What back to this mechane? Mechane say, right? Your machine. God in the box. Mechanaomai.

Mechane somai. A mechane samen. A mechane See, if you concentrate on that accent, um everything kind of flows together. A mechane samen. Yeah, without. Yeah. M- mechane mai. Mechane mai. Yeah.

Yeah, that's nice. To contrive. To come up with a device in your mind, right? To devise. To devise. So, you can do that. You can devise something. Here, let's do mechanaomai cuz that's going to be way way more interesting. What does it mean to devise something? To come up with some kind of invention. Let's see what it means in their brains.

>> [Sighs] >> To prepare, to make ready, to make something by art. Notice there's the connection with art. To construct or build a Like they're always talking about their goddamn walls that they're building in the alien. Anyway, um but that's

Wall building is part of the verb or just building, right? More frequently, it's contrive or devise, right? That's Yeah. Yeah, I would say definitely. It's really heavy. It's really heavy is another way of thinking. Another way of contemplating.

>> In the middle, to procure. To procure.

So, it's a contriving in the middle voice. >> [sighs]

>> So, it's using your mind to devise something for your advantage. That is procuring.

Yeah. >> Interesting. Strategem. Oh, there you go. >> [snorts] >> That's what it says in this. Nice. That's right. What's your What is your strategem, baby? What are you thinking about, right? Okay, so look, of course they made up this word, right? Because just Romans are not going to be doing it. But if you get a ciphos and a ciphus, right? Tall. That's just your sword. Don't bother. [clears throat] Look that one up. That's not going to tell you anything interesting, I guarantee it. Ooh, look at this one. Oh,

This one will go up to hetairos. Hetairos. Yeah, what is a hetairos? Companion. What is a companion? Do you have a companion right now? Like a dog? >> [laughter] >> Or like a partner?

Yeah. I suppose it could be both. Your dog could be your partner or your partner could be a dog. Right? What does it really mean? Comrade. Companion. There's your friend. Disciple. Yeah. Okay. In arms. Yeah. Messmates. Your messmates. The people you eat with in when you dressed up like a soldier doing soldier things. Right? [snorts]

Pupils of Socrates. Pupils of Socrates. Now, okay. Some kind of somebody who's in a learning kind of position.

Political partisans, right? I haven't actually seen that one that much, but I'm a little light on the orators. I don't read a lot of Lysias, right? Or Demosthenes. It's just me. Look at number five though. Members of a religious guild. Your Jewish. Yeah, >> [snorts] >> right? And notice that it's Cilicia. It's Cilicia that it's in. Right? So, it's in that province where we're getting this. So, people can say I don't care what people say. There's influences. The the the language is going to tell us more than anything.

Rarely of lovers. Yeah, I got to admit I haven't seen that hardly at all. Right? >> [laughter] >> Right? Look at hetairoi, the guards, the cavalry, the Macedonian kings. That's okay, fine. Look at number two, tucked away at the very, very bottom.

You want to know where you see most of these? Your courtesans. Mhm. Right? Your courtesans. These Notice they give you a historian Herodotus, right? Historian >> prostitute? It No, no, no. It's opposite to the pornae. >> Oh, opposite. Okay. Yeah, to the pornae. >> Is that like a servant? Uh uh uh uh uh uh >> Courtesan? A Yeah, well, a pornae is a common prostitute.

No, I mean a courtesan, is it like a servant? Um >> [sighs] >> A courtesan. Think of a woman. Look, I'm a I'm a 50-year-old Greek dude. I've fought my battles. I've done my thing. I have a piece of land. >> [clears throat] >> And I'm trying to get some of the highest office in my country, so I need a courtesan. Oh, yeah. Who has connections and who [clears throat] can help me with what I need to achieve. She's going to be educated. And um all the best lawyers or things

Rhetoricians we they called them. All the best lawyers and all the best

Government employees, if you want to call them. Um famous names, generals. We um used courtesans for the sake of council, education, and um

And social connections. Mhm. Yeah, and some of the most famous courtesans are um movers and shakers of history. So um it's the opposite of a common prostitute. This is, you know, um a an advisor. Think of an advisor like the Romans do it with the youth. Right? So

You know, when you're in your 20s, you're going to have connections in the aristocracy if you're an aristocrat through the female lovers that you have had of the older aristocratic women. And what when I say older, I mean like 40, 50-year-old

Aristocratic women. Right? You can say 30s, too, because the senators are all getting married young. Right? So you've got this funny it within the aristocracy, right? A funny division between ages, right? My wife is 20 and I'm 60. All right. So who does my wife fool around with when I become 70? She fools around with Julius Caesar, right? When he's 25 or whatever, right? >> [sighs and gasps]

>> They advise you. Courtesans advise you. Yeah, it's um Yeah, there's a lot of You know, they become characters. People make fun of them. Very famous um what There's a very famous

Athenian courtesan who raises enough money

Oh, it was so It was one of the biggest projects they had. And anyway, she insisted that they put on the dedication um that it was paid for by her. And that she was a She was a hetaera specifically. She insisted that when they set up the monument to her that it had her name on it it with the title hetaera. So don't don't think that, you know, Yeah, is there sexual stuff going on between the two? Yeah, they're lovers.

But they're also in a position of she is teaching and guiding him, counseling him. So um yeah, it's a good thing to apprentice to a hetaera who is connected, right? Oh God. Right? With the artist community and everything. Oh, um this hetaera who did that, she was Who was it? Praxiteles? Very famous sculptor of his um Aphrodite. When he did Aphrodite, like one of the most famous Greek sculptors ever. When he did it, he used her as his model cuz what else could be more inspiring of her? She was said to be

Very easily the most beautiful woman in Athens. Mhm. So and a very well-known hetaera. So um what is a What is a hetaera? God, it's it's it It's really difficult to tell you besides just, you know, kind of try to give you examples of actual ones. That's cool. Yeah. Let's hurry up here. My God, man. What is What is the preposition epi do with the genitive? It means on. Think of on epidermal. Epidermal.

Right? Oh God. With a dative, on again or pertaining to. You got to remember that, pertaining to. See how the preposition can cover like a physical area of time and space or it can cover like an idea. All right? You can either be on something or you can pertain to something.

That's okay, fine. Onto, over, and against with the accusative. By the way, I just want you to see I hope we're still sharing. If you just put epi, your preposition, just a basic preposition that's all over the place. If you just put it in here, look what you get.

Now, in the very beginning, they're going to give you a wide definition, right? Look, preposition with genitive, dative, accusative. To denote the being upon or supported upon or surface. >> [sighs] >> Okay. But then watch what happens. They give you the genitive and you watch the meaning kind of drift through different connections. Well, here, it's got its own universe when you're talking about ships. How about with numerals? Right? When you're using numerals with it, you're promoting the dep you know, the depth.

What is the on something? It's the depth of something. What? Look. Plus a genitive of the person, it can mean in the presence of someone. All right? Epi marturon, in the presence of the witnesses. Oh God. With verbs of perceiving, in the case of. So look, all I'm trying to do is show you look, these are used a whole bunch of different ways. A whole bunch of different ways. Yeah. With different types of verb. Here's if you have motion. Do you have motion involved? Well, look, here's what it's

Going to be. Look at B, in implying motion in a pregnant sense, denoting the goal of motion. Excuse me? What? >> [sighs and gasps] >> Seriously?

So it's carrying the idea of the goal of motion, [clears throat] right? Ultimately, this act is going to result in motion. What about if it's dealing with time? All right? How does it change things? How do you deal with time in an epi sense? So once you apply it, and then we finally get to dative. Look how much dative is. Oh my God. Oh my God, in various causal senses, on of the occasion or cause.

There it is. And it's going to give you all of the examples. What you're looking at, and the reason that I'm bothering to do this, Madelaine, is because I want you to see what you're looking at. These editors These These Victorian editors have gone through and they have pulled out actual Greek and they have said, "Look how it's used here." So when we when we bring all of these types together, what are we seeing in all of these types of uses of epi? Oh, we're going to be talking about a cause for something.

All right? And so that's how That's how you get to know these words is because there are so many examples. If we didn't have all these examples, you'd have idiots like biblical scholars guessing and just giving a very, very basic meaning to it and just doing whatever they want to make their text look good. Oh God. Look at here, here, here. And at the end of these, they're going to give you um how the prefix is going to work. All sorts of different prefixes, epibaino, epitrecho.

Right? And here it's So how are you going to get a feel for this world? Just by exposure. The more you see it in context, then it clicks in and makes sense, the more you're going to build a feeling for it. Um, and the prepositions are big that way cuz they're all over the place. How about this verb, gignomai, please? Uh, to be born, right? Yeah. Gignomai.

Genesomai. It egenomen gegon a gegon gegonai

Yeah, to be born, become, happen. Yeah. Yeah. Think of um, look at what happens in the third principal part again. Look at the root, gen. >> Yeah. Think of Genesis. Yeah. All right? Mhm. All of those. So, you see it's in there. Look, oh, you can see it in the future, too. Genesomai. There it is, creeping in.

Yeah. What is happening? Why is there a nu there? And why is that gamma like dominating it? Why is it gignomai and not genomai? Right? Some lexicon will actually try to list it as genomai, but what they're not they don't know what they're doing. There is a gamma there that is interacting with that nu.

It all has to do with the vowels. Right? Yeah. The vowels are going to change gegona. Why? Because there's two vowels there. Right? Oh, we don't have an obstruction with ga and na in that first principal part together. We have an We have an obstruction. The only reason we can allow that is because it's a nu. Nu has a special has a special rule with it, right?

When it comes to putting it next to a gamma, it really becomes the gamma. Right? Um, so um, that's why in the beginning in that introduction, there has to be rules about How do you pronounce a gamma gamma? Well, you pronounce it as an ng in English. Right? Yeah. Why? Because there's a nu there in your mouth. Now, let's all go to a hit or te, a festival, that's nice. Couple other words, auspice, oh, nice. That's your shield in battle, you know what I mean? Archon. What is an archon?

Uh ruler or archon? Ruler. What is that to you in your mind? I get I get like vibes of with archons, I get vibes of uh um some movie What was that puppet movie with the those big ugly puppets that ruled Dark Crystal? >> Um, isn't it like uh like um Well, you know, there's that there's like the a culty archon, but then there's also isn't it used as like the word for a general or like a What's the word? Governor type? Yeah, it is. Yeah, it is. Yeah, just a ruler.

You've got archons all over the Greek speaking [snorts] world. But, and that's where they start with, chief or king. Mhm. Right? A magistrate Wait [laughter] a minute. What? What did you say? I was just observing. That's the first thing I saw.

Yeah. >> [laughter]

>> What is an archon? What is an archon of this cosmos? Right? Cuz that's what they're putting here, archon to cosmotutu. What is the archon, the ruler of this cosmos?

Does that Do you know what that is like instinctively? Yeah. I think. >> [snorts] >> It's the pre- It's the prefect. Right? He's the prefect. Prefect Satan. Well, it's the one who dispenses the cosmos.

Look, people. Look at what that cosmos is. This is what Satan is, the archon of the order.

Right? The archon of the order. What is the order to a woman's face? What is the order I'm serious, they're thinking this. What is the order to a woman's face? It is her cosmos. Do you know what this is originally, the cosmos, if you've actually read it in the Greek? It's a some kind of container that women used to carry everything they need to order themselves.

Right? Everything they needed. Right? All the drugs that you need. You didn't use your skin tightening drug today, so your face looks 10 years older than it could. That's because you are out of order. Right? Oh, God. Look into it. Do you know what they God, what did the What was that Hetaira's [\\h__\\h] name because they said about her that she um uh when she defended that she was the best looking woman, she said, "You take those other women that you just mentioned and you wipe off their faces and stand them

Next to me and you'll see why I'm the best looking." She was known >> [laughter] >> She was known to not need um cosmetics. Okay. But, she was be you know, she's like in a different league. Right? So, the rest of us, we have to wear cosmetics and we do that as a way of ordering ourselves.

>> See how it says under number two, ornament, decoration, especially of women? It was a box. It was a box and there were perfumes in that box that you could use, perfumes that you could use in order to affect the people's moods around you.

Right? Mhm. Interesting. Yes. Drugs that you could use to influence. Now, Jason goes around raping people with those drugs, right? No, I'm serious. That Right? Look at what else the cosmos encompasses, regulations. See number three, regulation. Right? What are you doing? Regulating the system. The devil, Satan, is the regulator of a system itself.

Right? Everything that's happening is happening within the movement of a system and this is his system and this there's no The Bible says that all the time. Jesus is like you know, devil rules this [\\h__\\h] place, right? That's why the devil is off offering what the devil is offering. But, I want you to realize that behind what the devil offers

Is

The is the very feminine, strikingly

Very feminine, strikingly feminine concept of rulership

Through one's personal order.

Which I think probably I I don't know. Probably to women that makes better sense. I don't know. Does that make better sense to you? Mhm. Slightly. I don't know. Rulership through one's personal order.

Me? Yes.

For what? >> [laughter] >> It's just a question. Do you want people to worship you here? How do I stop sharing? Do you want people to worship you? Right? The power that you are projecting is the power of your order. It's your ability to It's your ability to pull somebody under your power. Right? Remember how I said all the magic, the early magic, is all sex magic, right? That's where it's We're all picking it up, right? They're making filters in there. They're They're um, poisoning each other for the sake of intercourse.

Right? They're enhancing their drive and leading themselves to Aphrodite. So much so that you've got a core If you hang out with these lunatic mystery initiates, they've got a chorus of men standing there with erections. They're called satyrs. And that's all they do is stand there with erections. All the time, ready to go under the under the influence of a compound, not the plant, but the compound satyrion.

That's what they're That's what they're using. So, do you hear how much drugs is in this? How much >> crisis. Yeah, right. Right? That's all a part of the cult and it's controlled and manipulated and discovered by women for the sake of your own worship.

For the sake of your own worship. As if that's something that is normal. Like it's part of the part of the feminine mind is to create to create is to make beauty. And when you create and make beauty, you're to be worshipped. Right? It's all It's like a internal physics or something of the of the female mind. Okay. Um enough vocabulary and perhaps some things to make things stick a little bit. Um 12 and I mean 13 and Oh god, where did it go? Back to page one. I lost my page.

>> [Sighs and gasps] >> At the beginning of 13 if you'll turn with me quickly there. Okay. I just want to skim. Oh, we're going to we're coming up on a break, but we're going to skim. Look at page 369. I just want you to look at the forms that are being generated. The Aorist active and middle. Right? Aorist active and middle. Go to page 370

And look at the Aorist indicative active. Right? Aorist. eduka edukas eduke edumen edute edosan

Nice. Nice. They call it a mixed Aorist. A mixed Aorist. I'm sure you read that. You Did you You were picking up all that stuff when you're reading it, right? Yeah. Mhm. Good. Look at histemi on the next page. estain estais este estemen esteta

Estesan >> [sighs] >> What's the real What's the real thing that we need to memorize this unit? Go back to page 369 and look at the >> Those forms. Yeah, the principal parts. Just look at them. Just look at them. didomi doso Look at the Aorist edoka. edoka It looks like it It looks like a perfect, doesn't it? Starting to look like a perfect, but it's not. >> Right? It You're Go to the fourth principal part and you see dedoka. There you got the perfect and you cuz you got the reduplication.

You got the reduplication of the stem. >> Oh, yeah, this The first the first vowel consonant combination, you get a reduplication of it. Perfect. Yeah. How about tithemi to put her place? tithemi theso

Etheka That you're going to do yourself the most advantage this chapter by looking at these principal parts. Now you know why I said at the beginning we got to memorize principal parts. Yeah. You got to memorize principal parts. Yeah. And then histemi steso estesa

Or estain. Oh, look. God. Transitive versus intransitive, right? Mhm. >> [sighs] >> Make stand versus stand. Oh, god. To stand something up or just stand there, right? Oh, okay. So, there's different forms of that estain and esteka.

Esteka Yeah. Yeah. estamai estathei Make the stand intransitive in middle. >> [sighs] >> Okay, good. I just want you to see principal parts. So, now jump back and fly across the Aorist to the page 372 to the

Aorist subjunctive at the bottom of the page. Just notice the vowels are long. Yeah. Right? Oh, god. So, look at do. How are you going to pick that out? Do. Do. Yeah. so [sighs]

So esto

Yeah. Okay. stomen staton next page 373 top stomen statos stosi thomen thetathosi domen dot dosi And you're going to look at dosi and you're going to say, "Oh, god, is that a Is that a third person plural or Right? Am I hallucinating? It's just the didomi tithemi histemi

Type of verb that you're we're putting together and there's nothing new. So, you should fly through it and you did. You flew through the optative. Notice it had the iota. You looked at its imperative forms on the top of page 376. You're going to You're going to see those imperative forms. dos You know, give. Hey, you give. Let him give. dota Right? You plural give. dot Right? Um Let them give. donton donton which you're going to confuse for a participle. Everybody does, right? Cuz it looks like a participle.

Then you get the middle imperatives, right? Oh, a whole 'nother section. Whole 'nother section. Finally, we get to some grammar on page one on page 2378. That's what we're going to discuss. All right. That's That's what we really need to discuss. >> The object clauses. Yeah, the object clauses and just to do some examples so you can see them cuz those are important. All right. And there's a couple of the types of accusative they're going to introduce us to and there's there's like 30 of these that you haven't seen yet. So, it's not a big

Deal. It's just, "Hey, this is another way to use the accusative." Okay, take a break and um I'll see you at the Let's see. Um 10 minutes. We'll do 10 minutes so we don't waste our time. 10 minutes. >> All right.

>> [Music] >> Yeah. Okay, fantastic. So, I'm figuring out how to share. So, I'm going to share this with you. Um Okay. Fantastic. Um object clauses of effort. Just read for me this first paragraph.

Verbs of effort, striving, or caring often take object clauses of effort with future indicative introduced by the conjugation conj conj conjunction hopos that. The negative is may. Good. Here's so So, they say one verb that does it is pratto. Is that an effort? Am I Am I make I mean, I know this sounds silly, Magdalena, but you know, they're Yeah, okay. They are verbs of effort. Let's just appreciate that. pratto You're doing something. You're bringing something about. Another they say is mechanomai. Notice that mechanomai is an alpha.

Right? It's got your alpha in there. Oh, it's a contract. Right? Okay, um so, to contrive You see how pratto is just to really to do or to bring something about, whereas mechanomai is to like Oh, I'm really going to really going to think about this. Contrive something. So, pratte hopos tes poleos

Arkse What tense is arkse? Um Is it

Imperfect? No, it's a future. Oh, future. Yeah. >> are all going to These are all going to be future. >> mix those up. I don't know if No, that's okay. Now you're going to not never forget that your object clause is going to take a future, right? Oh, god. Love it. Future indicative. >> It's right there. Future indicative. Perfect. Perfect. So, that's what we're looking for. pratte He's doing something. He's putting out some effort. Right? Mhm. Now, hopos you want to say that. It's like you're in order that.

They're going to distinguish them to that. He's He's He's working you know, that. He's going to bring it about that He's going to do something. arkse He's going to rule the city. Right? Notice the city is in the genitive. archo takes a genitive. You rule over something in the genitive. Good. He's bringing it about that he will rule the city. Does that make sense? pratte hopos tes poleos arkse

Yeah. That he will rule the city. Yeah. Here when I say it in Greek. pratte hopos tes poleos arkse Right? pratte He's doing it. hopos tes poleos arkse Good. He's bringing it about that he will do something. Good. mechanontai

And why is it with an omega there? It's because it's an alpha contract. That's all. And it's naturally making it. It's just a present. Right? They are doing something. They are struggling to do something. they are contriving.

Hōpōs that nikēsousin, they will overcome the polemious, the enemy. Right? Okay. Yeah. They're contriving. Does that Does Do object clauses of effort make sense? Uh yeah, a little bit. Yeah. You You can switch around the subjects here in that third example they give us mēchanāsthe.

You are now contriving hōpōs that but there's a different subject. It's not that you could do something. It's that the democracy will not uh dissolve, will not be destroyed. You are contriving that the democracy will not be destroyed. Does that make sense? Yeah. Okay. You're still using that future that future verb, right? It's happens to be a future passive. It doesn't matter. It can be active or passive as as long as it's future. Okay. Yeah. And they're They're going to emphasize this by saying, "Look, the future indicative is still used when the introductory verb is in secondary

Tense." When so when it's in the past emēchanōnto, they were contriving hōpōs that nikēsousin that they would You hear the You want to make it a will? They will, no. They were contriving that they would defeat the enemy. We need that will kicked into secondary, right? Oh god. Right? Oh, and then finally, in in case all of that wasn't clear right? They threw in something additional here. These object clauses can be used, you know, for exhortation like that prohibitive subjunctive and that imperative, right? And that hortatory?

Remember the hortatory? Let us do something. Yeah. Right? You can have an exhortation with this clause of effort. And ins- instead of that translating as that, you translate it as something like see to it or make it so that, right? See to it that something happens.

>> [Sighs] >> Let us see to it that hōpōs nikēsōmen. Let us see to it that we conquer. Let us conquer. What's the difference? It's just like a hortatory subjunctive. And >> [clears throat] >> you should try to make the connection now that you're doing that. Yeah. Okay.

All right. Now you're going to ask yourself, and I want you to read what is a very important section. You're going to ask yourself, "What the hell is the difference between that an object clause of effort and a purpose clause? Can't you just phrase this this Can't you just use the purpose clause there? What do you need an object clause of effort?" Because the object clause of effort is focusing on something else.

Look at these two sentences right here on page 380. The object clause of effort answers the question, "What is he doing?" And the purpose clause answers, "Why right? Is he doing it?" Why is the person doing it? That's the purpose clause. They're doing it in order to be happy, you know, whatever. Right? What are they doing? They are bringing it about that somebody's going to do something. Right? Do you see how that's You're You're concerned with the object in the object clause. Okay. Whereas the purpose

>> That makes sense. >> Yeah. You're concerned with why, yeah. It does kind of make sense, right? >> [sighs] >> What is practically do you have to do? You have to realize now that hōpōs can be used in that purpose clause but if you've got some kind of exertion there right? Like this mēchana or this prattō I want you to see if he's using a future. He's not the the speaker, he or she is not referring

To the why but the what's going to happen, right? If you've got an object there you've got to say, "Hey, this is what's being emphasized." With that hōpōs. Hōpōs can go either way. Right? Um so this this is kind of a >> [sighs] >> How do you What really counts is you're trying to figure out how to translate it into English?

And whether or not something may happen is a lot different than something will happen because of what somebody's doing. So it's actually quite different, and that's why you use the indicative with that object clause of effort. Yeah. Okay. Anyhow. Anyhow, any questions on those before we finish up the grammar? I know. I understand that. Okay. Accusative of respect, I just want you to look at the accusative of respect example, psychēn men kalos ho Sōkratēs.

Sōmati de aiskhros. Right? With respect to the psychē Socrates is kalos.

That's a full sentence. Kalos ho Sōkratēs, Socrates is gorgeous. Right? That's a complete sentence. Socrates is gorgeous. Then you just tacked on a an accusative sitting there. It's not the direct object cuz it's the verb to be. Kalos is good. >> Right? It's It's The verb to be is going to make the case of whatever the thing is the same as it is. If you want to say Socrates is beautiful, kalos has to be in the nominative case. And all of a sudden, we've got a little

Psychēn sitting there, no place to go, right? So it's a This one is acting as an accusative of respect. With respect to the soul, Socrates is beautiful. But with respect to the body he's [snorts] aiskhros. Cuz sōmati there is an accusative. That's another accusative. It's a nominative or an accusative cuz it's neuter, to sōma. Okay, good. Good, good. The soldier is good in battle, right? With respect to battle, houtos ho stratiōtēs, this soldier is agathos. Mhm. >> Is good. So if you ever see a little

A little accusative sitting there and you're like, "It's not acting as an object of the verb. Nobody's doing anything to this battle." Yeah. >> Right? Sitting there. Try this accusative of respect. Just say, "With respect to blank." And it may it'll it may click in. Right? Okay. What's What's the difference then because the accusative of respect and the dative of respect have both been used.

Okay? How do they differ? Now you're getting into minutiae, right? This is a tiny This is a tiny point. Right? That >> Yeah. that in an intensive course is just like, "Okay. This is not a huge deal." Um They differ though in that the force of the dative is instrumental while the force of the accusative is limiting. >> [sighs] >> Will you please um explain that? Psychēn kalos ho Sōkratēs.

Ho Sōkratēs, Socrates is kalos. Psychēn in soul. In soul, Socrates' beauty is limited to one area, his soul. >> Yeah. Right? As far as now. What about the dative? Ho Sōkratēs, Socrates is beautiful. Yeah. Psychēi, do you get it? Socrates is beautiful by means of his soul. By means of his soul. Isn't that nice? >> Specifying, yeah. >> [laughter] >> It's an instrument. His soul becomes an instrument for the good. Right? With the dative. Right? With the With the accusative, all we're doing is we're telling you the limit

Of his beauty. His limit is his soul. Right? But with the dative, we're saying it's by means of his soul that is that he's a beautiful guy. It's like, you know. There's a difference, right? Yeah. Okay. Okay. Now, before we get to exercises cuz we're going to do exercises all together, I want to point out that unit 14

Uh-huh. All right. We're going to unit 14, which is page starts on page 395. Page 395. Notice that all this unit is is an extension. Didōmi, tithēmi, histēmi. Once again, only this time we're doing the participles. Yeah. Right? So >> Just three verbs, but Yeah. You've seen them all. You see You saw these written out. Okay. Here's your present. Oh god, look at this. Right? We get it for didōmi, tithēmi, and histēmi. Right? Titheis. Look at that titheis. Didous. Histas.

Histas, histasa, histan. Nice. Those are not new forms. You're going to You're going to know intuitively histantos is your genitive. Yeah. >> Right? They're going to have these the very same morphology that you've been learning all this time. But look, there's a second aorist as well. You're just going to realize these are out there. You're going to see these forms and you're going to have to You're going to have to know that they're there. That's all. Yeah. Look at your Look at your present middle passive. You just

Put an almenos on the end of the dido. Yeah. >> Right? Domanos, tithemenos, histamenos with their all their characteristic vowels. That's it. Perfect participle, look. It's the same thing. It's the same thing. Look at the genitive. From hastos, we get hestotos, right? From hestosa in the feminine, we get hestoses. Just like you would expect. So, it's not It's not new stuff. When do they start showing us new stuff? They only give us a couple of things. Look at this. Are you kidding me on page 398?

The verb, you're going to give me an entire section, a grammar section on one [\\h__\\h] verb? Yes. Right? These are minor points. But they are things that are common in Greek. So, they give you the the principal parts of a new verb, deiknumi, to show.

And it tells you this thing is athematic in the present and imperfect, right? And every other thing, it's going to function just like paideuo. Okay, did you really need to know that? No. Is that a huge point of grammar? No, absolutely not. But I just want you to see the book is saying I just want you to see that um there going to be verbs that are mixed and they're going to Look, they're going to look like they have funny forms. Look at the present. Deiknumi, deiknus, deiknusi.

Deiknumen, deiknute, deiknuasi.

And you see those endings for your You see the mi on the end of the first person singular. Oh, okay. Well, that looks That looks pretty standard. Right? Mhm. Okay. Okay. In the middle, right? Maisaitai, metha, untai there. Are you going to be surprised by that? No, you're going to say that's a middle [clears throat] passive ending. I get it. Right? So, then they give you the imperfect. Yeah. You're not going to recognize on the next page when you get to 399. Realize we're 400 pages into this.

When you get to 399 and you see edeiknun as the imperfect indicative active. The imperfect. Does it look like an imperfect? Kind of. But not really. So, it's got some odd forms. That's not entirely new grammar. They They didn't need to They didn't need to do this for us. But because there are so many um of these exceptions to the rules that you have to learn because they're common. These exceptions are common. So, they're giving you a They're slapping you in the face with a big one.

With deiknumi, the verb to display something or to show or to reveal something. Right? Deiknumi. Right? I reveal. Deixo, I real will reveal. Right? You're not going to have a hard time with this, trust me. Edeikthen in the aorist passive. I was revealed or shown. Yeah. >> I was exposed, right? That's Okay. Anyway, let's get to the grammar in this chap this unit cuz it's just like another

Okay. The Go to page 401. 401. The supplementary use The supplementary use of the participle. >> A supplementary participle completes the meaning of the verb. All right. The participle indicates aspect only, not relative time. >> [sighs] >> Is that why we have to have those those temporal conjunctions? That's why those temporal conjunctions are use useful, right? Look at the supplementary participle with the verbs of emotion. Oh god, why is it so goddamn specific? Many verbs indicating emotion take a supplementary participle. It sort of makes sense.

Right? Chairo is one of them. Chairo. Right? Oh god. >> Yeah. I What does chairo mean? It means I'm having a good time. I'm I'm enjoying. I'm having pleasure in whatever this thing is that I'm having pleasure in. Right? Chaireso, I will have pleasure. Right? Now, watch what happens in the example in Greek. Chairate. You are having pleasure. Poiuntes

Doing this. And the doing is in the nominative plural. It's a nominative plural. Right? Why? Because the subject is you plural. Chairate, that's you plural. You plural take pleasure. So, you take pleasure poiuntes doing this thing.

Right? What are we What are we doing? We're using a participle with a verb. Right? That's all. That's That's all that this is saying. Yeah. >> You can use a a participle with a verb. Look at the second example. Timaste poiuntes.

Again, you are honored this time from timao. You are honored doing this. You It's causal. Do you see how this is just a a participle helping you to fill in the blanks of what the main verb is doing, right? Somebody's being honored. You're being honored. But within the universe of being honored, it's because you are poiuntes touto, because you are doing this. >> [sighs] >> Yes. Nice. You enjoy doing. Right? We're doing the same thing in English when we when we add when we add the our participle doing,

Right? Perfect. Supplementary participle with verbs of beginning. So, verbs of beginning, ceasing, and enduring like to use their participles. Just go to the examples. Epousametha. We stopped poiuntes touto doing this. We stopped doing this, yeah. Right? Right? Pausomen.

We will stop autous them, a direct object. We will stop them poiuntas touto doing this. Notice that the participle poiuntas is now in the accusative plural. Accusative plural. Why is it in the accusative plural? Because autous that it is modifying is in the accusative plural. We will stop those people doing this thing. Yeah. We will stop them from doing. Notice they put from cuz it sounds right in English to say You stop somebody Yeah. from doing something, right? Oh. These participles translated by the gerund. Gerund and gerundives. Oh god.

Right? Which ones of those are adjectives? The gerundives, right? The verb archo means begin, can take a supplementary participle or an infinitive. We will begin doing this. Arxometha touto poiuntes. We will begin doing

This. Right? Um Yeah, you can use the You can use the uh infinitive. Right? We will begin to do this. Yeah. Okay. Supplementary participle, fantastic. Now, um more verbs. More verbs. Lanthano. Now, wait a minute though. These three verbs, I want you to look at these bastards cuz these are the most confusing goddamn verbs in ancient Greek. Okay. Okay? Are you Are you ready for this? Just when you thought you had all the You had all the pressure applied, now you've got more. Read me the principal parts of the first

One. Tell me what it means. Lanthano, leso, elathon, leletha,

Escape the notice of uh >> [snorts] >> accusative. >> accusative. To escape the notice of. What the hell? You mean they have an entire verb that's just about I managed to escape you noticing me doing something? What? Right? And it's really common and you can put compounds on it. I want to I want to I want to show you this verb. Lanthano.

But um Uh You should have this. Okay, here it is. >> [sighs] >> Fantastic. Look what it says. It says in parentheses at the top, which is the form of the active generally used in compounds.

Generally used in compounds. You mean it's more common to see this thing in a compound than it is anything else? Yes. Okay, that's a new concept for you. Right? Okay, just Yeah, in compounds. So, you're going to be putting prefixes on this thing. You're going to see it with with with in its compound form more than you're going to see it just by itself lanthano. Okay. Okay.

What does it mean? Can somebody please tell me? When do they ever When do they ever define it? Look. >> [laughter]

>> Escape. To escape the notice. Notice, right? Somebody number one, somebody escapes is somebody else's notice, right? >> [sighs] >> That's fine. Number two, most frequently with a participle. Oh, is this that supplementary participle? Yes. Added, in which case we usually translate the participle by a verb and express lanthano by an adverb.

Without being observed. So, it's like secretly. He did something secretly. Oh, yeah.

Yeah, the hoopoe. Yeah. Uh-huh. Um look at B, causal.

Causal, to make one forget a thing. It takes a genitive ray of the thing. Ray means of the thing in Latin. A genitive of the thing in compounds. Ec lethano. Right? So, that's going to take some kind of genitive of the thing that it's you're evading.

It's ridi- It's It's ridiculous. Okay? It's absolutely ridiculous. Using this is so awkward in English. Right? We're just going to do it. We're going to translate this as an adverb to secretly do something. Mhm. Okay, that's number one. Number two is this phthano, which sucks. Yeah, not only to say it sucks, >> [laughter] >> but it also sucks in how to translate it. Go ahead, read the principal parts of that one. Phthano, phthaysomai,

Ephth- ephth- ephth-

Or ephthain. To act first, be first in doing something, or anticipate someone doing something. >> before. Okay. >> Right? When I want to When I want you to know that I'm the first one to do it, not you.

This is the verb that you use. Are you kidding me? Are you kidding me? That's not a verb in English. I do something before you do something. That's a sentence. Right? Well, they're taking that entire sentence and they're putting it into the this concept of phthano, to be the first to do something. Watch. I'm going to show it to you >> [sighs] >> in its reality, cuz this is how you're going to see it in the bush. Right? When you're out in the thick of it, when

>> [Laughter] >> I hope our I hope our Australians appreciate that I used their I steal things from other cultures. Phthano. Look at it. Phthano. Well, where the hell does it Look at They're not even telling us again, this is The more you use LSJ, the more you realize, oh, when they don't really tell you what it means for a couple of paragraphs, it means that it's an exceptionally common, but difficult to translate into English concept. To come or do first, before others.

Right? Look at Roman numeral number one, to go beforehand with, to overtake, to outstrip.

Outstrip. What? Like when you and I are racing to work or something, we're like I don't know, we work down the street and both of us run down the street to the to our job, um I'm going to beat you on Tuesday because I get a head start. I'm going to overtake I'm going to outstrip you. But, on Wednesday you're going to beat me cuz I'm going to have a you know, I'm going to have a late morning and whatever, you know, I'm just making it

Up. But, what I'm trying to say is that's what this verb means, to to really be before somebody with doing something.

So, in its absolute form in Roman numeral number two, it's come or act first. To come or act first. So, it is opposite to hysterao. Now, I want you to notice, whenever you see that OPP, I that is a a gift to you, because if you really don't understand what this word means, go to its opposite. And when you press on its opposite, its opposite means to come later than someone. >> [laughter]

>> Right? To come after you. To lag behind you, or to be inferior to you. You see how that works? Yeah. Okay. So, there is some kind of judgement. This isn't just telling us um I've in time I was before you. It tells us that I am superior to you. That I am closer to the good. Right? And if you fail to see that kind of those moral judgements that are in the Greek, I mean, it's a really common word. I'm telling you, just a really common word, phthano.

But, it has a moral taint to it. That you're going to see the way it's used. You're going to see.

Okay, how about that third verb? What is that third one? Uh tunkhano. Yeah, put a little n Put a little n in the ng. Tunkhano. >> Oh, tunkhano. There you go. Tu khomai. Telksomai. Te What? Telksomai.

Telksomai. Oh. Okay. Telksomai, etelkhon. Tetukheka.

Okay. To happen to tetukhim. Tetukhe tetukheka.

There you go. Tetukheka. Tetukheka. Yeah. To hit the mark. Yeah, what does that mean, to hit the mark? Do we have a >> [gasps] >> Yeah, bull's-eye. But, do we have a verb in that? Like, I bull's-eyed him.

Obtain or happen to. >> [laughter] >> Right? No, seriously, I hit the mark cuz they translate hamartano as I missed the mark. You know, you've got a you've got an opposite here for tunkhano. It's called hamartano, and it means I missed the mark, and people translate it as sin.

Oh, yeah, they do. I've seen that. Yeah. So, does it have its opposite? Sure, it does. Right? What happens when you don't miss the mark? Mhm. This is what happens. Something comes into being. It's the reality.

When the mark is tapped, when the mark is hit, the reality takes place. Right? The chance happens. And you say, "Why are you saying chance?" I'm not saying chance. They are saying chance. Right? And um Is it the same chance that's fate? Yes. Yes. Yes. Look at the third principal part. Take off the augment. Oh, yeah. Yeah.

>> [Laughter] >> There she is, right? Right? There's another goddess here. And lanthano. Take off the epsilon and the ending, and you get lath. That is the That is the river Lethe. Oh, yeah. Mhm. The lath root there is just the Doricized lathe.

Notice in the future you've got the eighth of for the vowel. Right? So, um Also in the fourth principal part in the perfect, when you reduplicate it, it becomes le plus le. It's not la, it's le. So, lethe Lethe, if you look up lethe, you're going to see a Dorian variant. Watch. Uh if I just put in lethe, boom.

There is your Dorian variant, latha. So, [snorts] in the third principal part, for some reason, the verb prefers the Dorian. Right? Elathon. Instead of elathon. Why? Why are you doing this to us? Ah, forgetting.

Forgetting. Look at the place of oblivion in the lower world. Wasn't that nice? All from lanthano, meaning to escape the notice.

Yeah, there's some lethe involved. So, there's big reasons that they're giving you these supplementary participles to unchonomin. >> [laughter] >> unchonomin Yeah. Let's try to translate that, right? Happen to hit the mark, obtain to unchonomin. We happen doing this.

We happen to be doing this. We happen to hit the mark. We are hitting the mark doing this.

Yes. Watch.

It's not a contract or anything, so should be pretty normal.

People look at this. What happens when you miss the mark? Look, I'm I'm I swear to you this is the opposite. What happens when you miss the mark? Right? Well, when you're throwing your spear, your kill that you're looking for coming to being doesn't come into being. So, you have gone wrong. And God hates you. >> [laughter]

>> There's no to here. There's no granting of that reality. You just did wrong. You have entered into an area of sin. Right? Sin. And if you start looking at how sin is used in Greek, that is comes before uh Christianity, during Christianity, and after Christianity, you're going to be shocked. You're going to be shocked and you're never going to want to translate it sin again.

Right? It's so It's so ridiculous. Um but that's the way it is. Missing the mark and hitting the mark. And um all this Now, all of the seminarians will translate it as >> [sighs] >> missing the mark or I mean as sinning, but they really won't appreciate it. E tuchomen on page 403. E tuchomen

We chanced what? Poiysontis tuto We chanced we happen to have here to do this. Notice there's no time. Poiysontis has really no time with it. They're translating here with an English infinitive to do. It's not even a participle there in English. We happen to do this. Right? Yeah. >> Mhm. E tuchomen

We happened again poiountes to be doing. The only difference there is the aorist is a simple action to do. This one time, that's it. Whereas the present poiountes is an ongoing thing. We happen to be doing this. We're in the middle of doing it. Right? English lacks verbs. Don't you love this? English English lacks verbs with the exact meaning of lanthano and thano. >> [Sighs]

[laughter]

>> Okay. Okay. So, if these experts are telling you is um it's really difficult to translate lanthano and thano, then you know, I mean, how long have they had this stuff? Couple thousand years now. You guys haven't been able to work this [\\h__\\h] out in 2,000 years? What's wrong with you? Right? It's It's the the system that is using these forms is more advanced. Let's see Let's see how it works. You read me the Greek for This is page 403. You read me the Greek for um that first

Sentence and let's see how we can possibly translate this lanthano. Yeah. >> [clears throat] >> tous philous lanthano men touto poiountes

Uh Which of those English translations do you like best? You know, the verb is lanthano men, so we are escaping somebody's notice. Right? So, that's that's pretty straightforward. Yeah. Whose notice are we escaping? That's our object, tous philous. We are escaping the notice of We say in English of our friends. Right? We don't turn it into a direct object. We escape our friends' notice.

Right? There's several ways. Look at the first one. We escape our friends' notice. Well, that kind of captures it in English better, but it's kind of It's using a genitive there. Right? How do we do How do we How do we escape our friends' notice? Poiountes, by doing this.

S So, we do this secretly from our friends. Now, now I'm losing the image. When you give me the second one, we do this secretly from our friends. I don't like changing a verb into an adverb. I don't like it.

Yeah.

Lanthano men, we escape somebody's notice. Lanthano men tous philous, we escape our friends' notice. >> [sighs] >> How about the next one underneath? Read that one in Greek. tous philous elathomen

Touto poiysontis Good. So, they're just changing the tense. elathomen We now escaped. Good. Our friends' notice. Doing Notice the doing just stays general. Yeah. Right? It's not telling you where the tense is at all. Right? It's not supposed to. It's just telling you it's a one specific action. Poiysontis, that's an accusative. Yeah. Love it.

Nice. What What was that? Go ahead. Oh, I was going to say is that aorist? Yes, good. Look. Poiyeo, poiyeeso, epoiyeesa. Right? Good. Good good good. Beautiful. How about the next one? We're going to do thano. Oh my God, I hate This is my the verb I hate the most in Greek. Right?

Tous philous thano men touto poiountes

Oh, we anticipate our friends in doing this. Interesting. Yeah. Because we're better than our friends. What? >> doing this before. Okay. Yeah. Because our friends are jerks and [snorts] don't know how to act properly. Right? That's why we are doing it first. That's why we have anticipated them. We have come before them cuz we're better. I It's It's It just doesn't Yeah, God, I just hate it. Um Look at the compound they've got there at the bottom. Ethosomen Right? And ethemen

Ethosmen Yeah, we beat our friends doing this. Yeah. See how they're trying to add a add a little bit of morality in there because that's really what it means. It really means, "Hey, I'm better than you. I figured out something first." Yeah, faster. Yeah, faster. I'm superior. Right? Number one is superior to number two. That's it. It's like they have this obsession. Right? Tuchonomin, we happen to be what? Poiysontis tuto Right? Oh God. We happen to have done this. Why? Because that's The happening is setting for you the time.

Right? Tuchonomin Right? Oh God. It's gorgeous. The participle usually has the same aspect as the finite verb, but an aorist participle together with a present or imperfect indicative show They could say can show prior action. Oh God. Right? Yeah. So, they're going to translate it since it's We are in a state right now of happening. Then we're going to have to make this happen priorly, to have done. They're going to make it perfectly. Oh God. All right.

That is everything. That should be everything in the unit 14. So, look, we really didn't do anything more, but we didn't cover the vocabulary. I want you just to give me a quick reading of the grammar, please. And anytime I mean, of the vocabulary. And anytime that you find a root, I want you to stop and say, "Wait a minute. Is this a I I recognize like you did with tuchai." Right? Tuchano, right? Okay, good good. Go ahead.

Amathia amathiast

Ad deiknumi deik so a deikha or so, sorry.

Deideik deideikha deideik my deik sein epideik What does it mean? What does deiknumi mean? Uh to sh- uh to show. Yes. To show off, display. Yes. epideiksis epideikseos display, demonstration

So, epideiktomai means to show or display something. And if you just take the epideik you can create another word from that root, epideiksis. Just turn it into an abstract noun. When you add an -is on the end of it, that's all you're doing is turning it into an abstract noun. And so, in or- in instead of showing something verbally, now it's the thing that you are showing. It's the demonstration. It's the display. Yeah, gorgeous. I love how they do that. Go ahead.

Epanisstamai epan- epanastaseos

Epanastasin epanastatika

Uh rise in insurrection against. Yeah, that's epi plus ana plus histemi. Uh yeah. Yeah, epi plus ana plus histemi. Right? Nice. To stand >> To stand, yeah. >> [clears throat] >> in opposition against something in Right? In insurrection. >> Yeah, no, it does. It does.

Is that right? Yeah, you got it. eroteso

Ero- or yeah, erotesein ask [clears throat] a question Yeah, to ask. You'll get this all over. So, once you ask you so and so a question, there's nothing really glorious about erotao. It's pretty straightforward.

Heteros hetera heteron hetero You're putting a sigma in there. hetero >> hetero my heteros hetera [clears throat] hetero uh other You probably It's probably some Attic thing in your Italian side. Yeah, some kind of genetic throwback you've got to some Attic side Attic side off you know, Pelasgian Pelasgian uncle of yours great uncle of yours. Right? [laughter] It lives in my brain. Now you know where we get hetero is in heterosexual, right? >> Yeah. Good. meti Yeah, it's still

Meketi Mhm. Oh, uketi. Yeah, so it's man then the Exactly. Exactly. And they didn't want to say me eti. Yeah. >> Right? So, they added a kappa, meketi. So, it sounds more Yeah. Yeah, good. Good. koinos koine koinon

Common Yes. Common like the koine Greek. Wait before we go there. Wait before we go there. I just want you to see koine for the first Oh god. It's koine. Right? Right, common, right? Now, I just told you we've got to be careful when we learn a word. If you find an opposite, consider it a gift. Okay, so what is its opposite? What is the opposite of common? It's idios where we get idiot from, right? idiotes Right? >> Okay. It's something you do by yourself. Something you do by yourself. It's

Private and it's personal. When you make something koinos, you make it common. You take something You take something that is private and personal, you turn it 180°, you make it common. It is the same difference between what is sacred and what is profane. When you take something sacred, it is sacred because it is restricted. When you make it common so that everybody does it, you profane it. You profane it, right? So, that whole koinos

Let's see if I got it here. There's a lot of things going on. Probably this Oh, you people. Go backwards.

Here, move. Move. Ow, it's not moving. There it goes. Okay.

Go like this. Notice in number

Let's see. Where are they going to give it to us? Okay, number two. Notice in number two, it's social and political relations, public or general. The commonwealth. Right? Notice two is the state itself. What is that that we have in common? It's the opera- operation of whatever your government is. Right? Look what's happening in Here it is, number three. This is when it starts to leak in. common or ordinary

What Look at grammatically what the Greek grammarians under number two in section three. Look what they said. The grammarians use it to indicate regular Greek. As opposed to special dialects. Mhm. Yeah. Right? Special dialects, right? It's not There's They get to it in B under that little bit better. Look, it's a vulgar. >> [laughter]

>> Right? Notice the vulgar Greek that they're talking about is like that vulgar Egyptian. Which we all know is the Demotic. The Demotic is the dumbing down. Demotic K, they talk about modern in modern Greek, right? It's the dumbing down. When you say Demotic, you are dumbing down the language. Finally, in three, they just go ahead and give it to us straight. You've got inferior [\\h__\\h] dog. Right? Which is funny cuz when the Christians call their text koine and they say, "Oh, this koine is different

From classical Greek." They're right. It is different in that it's inferior. Yeah. Yeah, anybody who reads classical Greek should be able to read koine no problem. You just have to What [snorts] do they used to call it? Slum? You go out and slum a little bit. You know what I mean? Maybe hit a Maybe hit a biker bar. You know what I mean? Go slumming. Does nobody Does nobody go slumming anymore? Nobody does that, do they?

>> [Laughter] >> No. Are you there? Did I lose you? Yeah, yeah. I've never been slumming in a while. >> [laughter] >> I just know laughing. Right? That's the koine quality, right? Let's go slumming in koine. All right?

Look what Look how they use it within the magical formula. It's of words added at will by the user, translated and so forth. You know, like in English when you say, "You know?" That's >> Yeah, okay. That's what koina logia >> koina logia, yeah Yeah, see that? Koina [clears throat] logia is not a good thing. If you're doing this, that's [laughter] not a good thing. Okay? It's basic. Of persons connected by common origin. Okay. One who shares in something, right? Logic finally, in logic. I think this is important. It's the general or the universal.

Mhm. Yeah.

The general or the universal. So, you can see in the Greek mind, there is a gradient between the beautiful and the ugly. And that gradient is the gradient of the individual versus the general.

The secret versus the profane. Right? The secret or the sacred versus the profane. Mhm. >> [sighs] >> Love that. Yeah. I love that, too. I love that, too. Okay. Oh, here it is. They put the profane. Oh, yeah.

Beautiful. Right? Notice it's the Bible, too. And Christians don't even know this. Look, they've got the Book of Acts, the letter to the Romans, and the Gospel of Mark. >> Mark, yeah. Yeah. And just for just for shits and giggles, it's also the name of an ice ave, but you're going to see that over and over and over again. They [laughter] have ice aves, yeah. Yeah, they have so many freaking ice aves. It's just, you know, okay, anyway. All right, um let's take So, we've gone through all

The material. So, let's take another break, and this one let's make 15. I'm going to come back at 5:00 after. Um and let's do uh some reading of the Greek. All right. So, and I want to start with uh on page

Before we do exercises, I want to do a couple of actual Greek >> [sighs]

>> Okay. Oh, it's not long Janus. Off, hang on. I want to give you beforehand in case you want to in case you want to hit it. It's in unit 13's ending, I think.

But, um

Two units per class. They said we couldn't do it. Um this reading of Apollodorus' library What's Sky and Earth? 391, Children of Sky and Earth. I want us to do those lines, the six lines that are there. Notice all the vocabulary All the vocabulary's there. Okay? >> Nice. Okay. So, make sure if you want to spend 15 minutes on that, go ahead. If you want to just clear your mind and read it at sight, when we get back, I have no problem with that, too. Okay?

It's your choice. Cool. Um 15 minutes, so I'll see at 7:00 after. No, wait. What? Is that 15? Yeah, I think it is. Go. Talk to you.

Fantastic. Let's You are you there? Yeah.

All right. So, you took a look at the You took a look at some Apollodorus. Yeah. Fantastic. Pr- uh Apollodorus probably second first second century, but um yeah, we'll have to Uh >> [sighs] >> we'll have to do something that is good strong narrative. This is good strong narrative, just straight up telling us a story. So, go ahead and read the Oh god, read the just read the first line and then translate the first line. Okay. Uranus protos to Pontus adunas the way

Cosmos moo.

Um

In the Um in the order cosmos, Uranus was order cosmos, Uranus was uh holding power. Yes, good. >> power the whole power? Good. You can say the Um yeah, or maybe a little bit more fluidly um Uranus first held power over over the Pontus cosmos, yeah, cosmos. Okay.

Cool. >> the whole cosmos Nice. Nice. So, what did he do when he held power over the cosmos? He gamos There's your participle. He gamos and ateknose. He gamos gain.

What What is gamos? Just play along with me. >> Oh, yeah. Um Okay, gamos um What word is that from do you think in the list below? Gamos uh p- Gamos Well Oh, gamio the married Oh, so married.

Yeah. Married uh guy, married guy. And ateknose, and then ateknose. What did he do from Um who procreated? Good. He en- He He made He engendered what? He created He gave life in Gaia to what? protos tous hekatoncheiras.

Uh the hundred-handed Yeah. Gaia >> Yeah. First Yeah. [snorts] He gave Yeah, he gave them birth first. He He produced them first. And they're called You got to notice the little participle there on the third line, prosagoreuthentas.

That's accusative plural with hekatoncheiras. So, he He engendered those first hundred-handers, so-called. Prosagoreuthentas called hundred-handers, right? Okay, yeah. Those his first people. Good. >> wondering. Yeah. And then it lists their names, again also in the accusative. Even though they're singular, it's in the accusative because the hekatoncheiras is in the accusative as well. Who are they? They are and then you can pronounce their names. The Briareon,

Uh uh and Gyes Cottus. Yeah. These are the canonical Briareus, um Cottus, and Gyes, or Gyges sometimes. Anyway, um Briareus has the What do these hundred-handers do? Hoi, these people are what? Um they're

Unconquerable. Yes. In with respect to what? In What do you mean unconquerable? >> Eyes and strength, right? >> Yeah, exactly. Yeah. And Now, you and I did that with just an invisible verb to be. Uh-huh. >> But, on the on the next line, kathestekasan.

Um These guys had been >> Yeah. established. Oh, established, yeah. Uh-huh. Yes. Yeah. Unstoppable in greatness and power, something like that. Anyway, yeah, good. And jump down to the end of the sixth line for your participle. Yeah. >> They are echontes.

Uh yeah. Uh What is it? What does echo mean? To have or hold. To try have to. Uh hold on. Echontes Oh, um uh possess Yes. So, having um

Above her head, right? Yeah. First of all, look at the structure before trying to translate it. Look at the structure. They're echontes, they're having >> Well, on the one hand. Yes, on the one hand, cheiras hekaton. On the one Yeah. They're having on the one hand a hundred hands. A hundred hands and On On the other hand, they have kephalos pentekonta.

50 Heads? Yeah, 50 heads, right? They've got a hundred hands, 50 heads, which makes sense cuz you only got two hands per head, right? The The on is there, you may wonder. Um it's a preposition that takes the accusative. What Why do we have men on a hekaton de on a pentekonta? On the one hand, we have a hundred ha- hands each. On the other hand, we have 50 heads each. That on and that on are going with it. That's what they're trying to point out to you.

>> Oh, the on is there? Uh-huh. >> So, what does that mean then? It really here it's being translated with respect to the number. >> Um So, each They each have 50 heads on one side and 100 hands on the other. So >> Okay. it's their way of telling you we're we're taking two sets of number here numbers here and attributing it to the person. So, okay, fine. Ah, God, look at that. You just read six lines. Six lines. Keep going. Keep going. Here on the next page, page 392.

Ah, meta tutus. After this um After these events Right? Or along with these. It could be along with these guys. Gay, there's your subject. Technoi. Gay is giving birth to what? To Cyclops. Cyclops. The Cyclops.

What are they?

What do they give you here for the >> Oh, I see the Cyclops. The Cyclops. In the plural In the plural we call them Cyclops. So, she's giving birth to the Cyclops and here are their names. Arges, Steropes, and Brontes.

Brontes. Okay. Horn hekastos. Now, hekastos, you see it means each. Each horn. Horn is your relative. Each what? Of which. Um Right? Cuz it's a genitive. Each of which eichen had what? Had henna

Ophthalmou. Ophthal One eye. And where is that one eye? Epi tou metopou.

Oh, um in the forehead. On the forehead. Good. [clears throat] Look, you're reading Greek. You're reading >> [laughter] >> Do you see that? This is actual Greek. This is not made up. This is not compounded with a gazillion different types of exercised grammar. No, it's just straight-up narrative Greek. Now they're going to tell us the story of Prometheus. I want you to follow me. Prometheus

De ex hudatos kai ges anthropous plasas

Edoken auto autois, excuse me. kai pour lathrai dios en nartheki krupsas So, Prometheus is our subject here, right? That's nice they give it to us right off the bat, right? Um and then I want you not to try to translate, but look at look at what we've got structurally. You see the edoken is your main verb.

Mhm. Edoken. So, that's our didomi. You go back now You go back now and you look up edoken and or edoke and you tell me What is it? What tense is it? What person and number?

Uh And tell me what page Tell me what page you find it on. God. All right.

Edoken, I imagine that it's something like >> [snorts]

That for the first aorist edoken. Okay. [clears throat] Okay. No, it it aorist uh

Third singular Good. It's an aorist third singular. He, she, or it gave. Good. So, there's our main verb. We're going to know our subject Prometheus is doing that. And then I want you to notice they're sandwiched here participles.

Plasas. I want you I want you to be looking at structure here. We're We're going to be set up with a participle that is going to go from the participle all the way back here. Okay. Okay? What did he do first before he gave something? He plasas and that is a participle.

All right? Masculine. >> us. Yes, masculine. From what verb? Go to your Go to your back to your uh list, your vocabulary list and say what verb is this from. Oh, to This is from the plas. Plasso. Yeah, to form, mold, shape. Yeah. >> So, formed. Right. Yeah. Right? What did he do um in the environment of giving? >> Of gave. He's forming the people, anthropous, what? Ex hudatos kai ges.

Uh

Sudatos kai ges. Um of water and earth. Yes. So, Prometheus >> That was I didn't even look. I'm just That was guessing. Yeah, no, no, no, no. You're not guessing. You're translating. You know, give yourself some credit. Right? Give yourself some credit. Right? Prom So, Prometheus after forming people from water and earth edoken he

Gave autois He gave them. Good. Now, this kai is This kai is even even fire. Yes. Yeah. And what is that fire? Now, that lathrai is going to throw you there. It's an adverb. It looks like something in the dative, right? It's an adverb. Oh, I see. So, don't think that that's your verb. Don't think that that's your verb. Go all the way to the end. Krupsas. Krupsas and there's another participle from krups so.

So, look at krups so.

This is how you learn new vocab, too, by the way.

Krups so. Oh, cover, hide, conceal. Yeah, think crypt. Yeah, crypt. What What is a crypt? It hides the dead, right? It covers the dead. So, Oh, he's doing what with this participle? He's hiding what? Lathrai secretly.

Secretly. >> Hiding that in Yeah. In In nartheki.

Yes. In Okay. Fennel stalk. And what is that dios doing there? It is in the genitive case from Zeus. Zeus, that delta is a zeta in the nominative. Zeus. The genitive is dios. Okay? I know that's weird, but it's in a genitive. And why is it in a genitive? Because it's pulling that genitive thing of separation there, right? This is secret from Zeus. Hidden from Zeus in a narthex.

Wow. Yeah, you get that? Okay. Get out. Get out. God. Hoste aiste

Uh When Zeus aiste to when he when he aiste to looked down Look down in the Look at the second verb second word. >> Oh, I see it. Yeah. I grow grew. Wait, no, that's wrong word. Yeah. Aistanomai. On the first on the Right under the passage. Oh. Uh The See how the first word is >> To perceive. >> Perceive. Yeah. As he perceived, since he perceived since he understood epetaxen

Yeah. Look at See if we can find it. What is there's? Where is the epitato

Epitato. See it on my page? On your screen here? Uh Epitato. Yeah, I see it.

Uh okay, yeah. Oh, to flew. No, could command. Yeah. To command. Oh. >> Epetaxen. He commanded and it takes a dative. Hephaistoi. He commanded what? Hephaistoi.

Any guesses who Hephaistoi is? Hephaistos.

Oh, Hephaistos. Yeah. Good. Hephaistos. Oh, Hephaistos. Yeah. Good. He gave an order to Hephaestus. Now, He gave an order to Hephaestus. Now, jump to the next line to get Again, you're analyzing it. What do you see at the end of the sentence. pros ailousai pros ailousai That looks like an infinitive to me. That looks cuz you know, whenever you get an order, you're going to get an order to do something, right? Mhm. And sure enough here it is on the screen sharing pros ailoo.

Pros ailoo to fasten Yeah, to nail, to fasten by nails. Yeah. So, what did he do? He ordered Hephaestus

To make this guy to fasten by nails to soma autou. That's an accusative. >> his body His body where? toi kalkasoi orei uh To nail his body to what? The kalkasoi orei. Oh, Mount the Caucasus. Yeah, the Caucasus Mountain, right? >> mountain, yeah Yeah, right? He's going to nail him to the Caucasus, right? That's a chain, by the way. They still use that term, the Caucasus. And um which is nice. He's supposed to be nailed there. That's right where Medea is, right? Yeah. touto keep going

At the end of line four touto de skouthikon oros estin Estin is your verb to be. You have not You're already in You're already 400 pages into the book and you have not seen It is the invisible it is. So, yeah.

This uh this is the Scythian Mountain. Good. Look, you're reading it. You're reading it without my help, right? Seriously. Yeah. So, uh let's read the next uh line and a half in de toutoi pros ailotheis

Prometheus There's my subject again. It's nominative. [clears throat] He's doing it. Prometheus polon eton [\\h__\\h] There's a couple of genitives. arithmon Nice accusative-looking thing. ededeto

Ededeto so Where's our main verb? ededeto And then we >> Good. Good. And then we have a participle pros ailotheis here. pros ailotheis And it looks like It looks like an aorist passive participle in the nominative singular.

So, it's it's referring to Prometheus. Prometheus prolethoses Oh, I see. What is he What is he? fastened by nails Fastened by nails. See the See the sixth principal part right here of pros ailothein. Okay. So, fastened by nails

In toutoi on this mountain Prometheus fastened by nails on this mountain did what? ededeto Mhm. ba ba was bound Yes, he was bound. And then we get a genitive. polon eton Eton is Go look at your vocab. Polon is just many. What is Eton? >> many eton uh >> [clears throat] >> years Yes, many years. He was bound there for many years. And then we have arithmon with respect to number Yeah, with respect to number, right? Many years in number, right? With respect Good. Good. kath hekastin

De hemeran And they give you a little note at the bottom. kata plus the accusative here refers to distribution of time. So, kath hekastin hemeran means on each day or every day. Oh, I see. Okay, so you translate it kath hekastin hemeran on every day Mhm. And I And aetos I want you to pronounce that as if the alpha and the epsilon do not Because Why am I saying that? Because watch this. I do everything for a reason. I don't do [\\h__\\h] randomly. Look at this.

Boom boom boom boom boom boom What is the aetos? It is the eagle. But look at it's Attic form. It's early Attic form. Now, this is your first early Attic. It is awetos. Why? Because there

Because this is an old Mycenaean word that the early Attic is picking up and there is a digamma in the iota. It's actually awetos. >> awetos Yeah, I thought I remember you saying that. Did I say it? Oh, god damn >> No, no. I mean the other day. No, sorry. I was >> [laughter] >> I I remember you talking about aia aia or whatever. Yeah. Good. Good. So, there's a digamma in the word for eagle \\{{}slash} vulture cuz they put eagle here, but it can also be a vulture. Do not get

Me wrong. I just Yeah. Yeah. So, okay. >> in an old app yesterday, yeah. Oh, did you? Good. Good. So, each and every day what happens? An awetos comes out. epipetamenos

What is it What is that What is that? Oh, god. asthmatic present participle middle Right. And what are we seeing here? >> [clears throat] >> What What What What is it doing? ep Wow, okay. Uh aminos it's a Yeah, a fly fly over to fly My eyeball fell out. Look at the Look at the little parentheses they give. Your eyeball fell out. Are you okay? My My eye my contacts are in. Oh, you have contacts. Good. Fantastic. I'm blind. I thought the I thought the eagle

Got it. I thought [snorts] >> [laughter] >> I thought the eagle got it. to fly over [laughter] to fly over That eagle is flying over Prometheus autoi. It's flying over him. What is it doing? It's in em in emito. in emito

Em Wait. Where's that? emito in emito Okay. in emito Go to Go to nimo. Take off the Oh, I see. Take off the the sigma epsilon It's a third part. It was inhabited. No, destroyed. Look at what it means here. Look at what it means here. Pasture upon.

You're going to see that stupid That This is a This is a Victorian thing. Right? That's how they're expressing it. So, the Greeks have this idea of eating what you and I would call eating, but they think of it more as like a like sheep and goat, right? Goats do it. Sheep Sorry, did I say sheep? >> graze Like right? Right? You're taking your fodder. You're consuming your fodder. This is the idea. nimo Right? nimo Do you see Nemesis? Mhm.

Right? What is it that you eat? What is your grass? It is your lot. It is what you have rightly been giving. That's why it says to possess is one's share. Nemesis guards your share. If you get more than you deserve, she punishes you for it. Okay? That's Nemesis. You're not You're only supposed to be able to graze on what you're supposed to be able to graze on and that's it. Okay, fantastic. So,

Um yeah. Let's see. How to graze [clears throat] in Yeah, like like eating, consuming. Oh. Right? Yeah. Mhm. So, she flies about and in emito and eight tous lobous pods pods lobes You want to call them lobes? Yeah, okay. >> [clears throat] >> tous hepatos The lobes of what? Right? tous hepatos the liver The liver. Now, you know why they call it the hepatic portal vein. That's a big vein in the liver. Right? Hepatic portal Right? That's a Actually, I think it's [clears throat] an artery. Is it the hepatic portal artery or vein? I can't

Remember. But it's one of the big blood vessels in the liver. They call it hepatic because that just means liver. Right? Good. So, eats the lobes of the liver, but the lobes of the liver auxanomenou

It grew. Yeah. They're growing. They're growing di anuktos. at night So, Prometheus' liver grows at night and the eagle eats it each and every day. Right? And we know We know that that eagle \\{{}slash} vulture is Medea. She is pictured in in the epic Argonautica of um Argat Valerius Flaccus as consuming that liver, that thing grows back. Now, John Scarborough told me said he said the Greeks recognized the liver of all organs can regrow itself. Mhm. Right? This is a This is a phenomenon. I'm going to stop

Sharing this for a minute cuz John Scarborough wanted me to get this and I think you can learn from this. Okay. The liver is the only organ that regenerates. Right? You can cut off other pieces of organs, they don't grow back. The liver will actually grow back. Mhm. So,

How did the question Scarborough's question is how did the Greeks know that? Mhm. The Etruscan art, right? The Etruscans are all into the liver. Right? They're all into it. Did they observe this somehow? And if so, how? Because you're not going to you'd have to cut open a person at different times to see if their personal liver was able to regenerate or I see. >> you could look, which is the way I think it probably is, you can look at somebody who's had an injured liver.

All right? And the they can regain the function of whatever that injury is over time. So, for the doctor who's watching the patient, the organ itself can reheal. Right? Which is an which is a concept that is not in any other organ of your body. Right? So, what is special? I mean, why isn't Prometheus getting his heart eaten >> [clears throat] >> or his lungs, right? One of his lungs or his liver. I mean, or his He's growing it back. Why isn't his liver? Right? Because it's

The one that they grow back. Right. >> It's the one that can be repaired. So, there's something funny going on in this narrative that this organ, which by the way, knowing that it's the one that possesses the diamond that allows it to grow back, it must also possess the future. It must also possess an a vision or an understanding that is beyond the other organs because none of those organs grow back. Somehow they [\\h__\\h] knew this. I don't know how they knew it. So, right? That was kind of the when Scarborough and I

Were discussing it, that's kind of the point. Somehow their doctors have gotten to the point that they recognize the liver grows back on its own. And from this comes the understanding that the liver is superior. That it contains some sort of um techne or art or divine skill in it and that when Prometheus was taking that flame and giving all of that skill to humanity because it's defined, that skill of Prometheus's flame is defined as the skills to heal, the skills to alter, the skills to change

The environment. Those are the the that's the ability of the liver. So, his punishment is to have that source of that techne removed from him. That divine fire that's in the liver is removed from him daily and has to grow back, well, Wow. during the night. Oh, isn't it Yeah, it's weird, you know? That's amazing. Yeah.

No. >> [laughter] >> Wow. >> Did we lose him? Yeah. >> We lost him? Oh, man. >> [laughter] >> That was so good. Yeah. That was really good. Why were they They did. Look at how intense. Yeah, I love it. That You know, I've been wondering about that about uh cuz I was doing a lot of research on the examination of the liver as, you know, a way to produce oracular,

You know, um understanding or vision or, you know, types of divination, right? So, I I don't know. It's like one of the earliest forms and it's in the Bible. So, that that's like cool.

I said, why were >> This stuff probably is >> they doing that to their liver? Why was Medea and her father consuming the fire of Oh. Doctor's back.

Did I make it back? I think I made it back. Okay. Yeah, you're back. Put my text up there. Uh where's the book? There it is. Okay. Um good. So, his liver is growing back di anuktos, right? Throughout the night. Throughout the night. Okay, so you keep translating. Read the next one starting kai Prometheus.

Oh, kai Prometheus on the one hand men puros uh klapentos dikain um

Uh on the one hand fire klapentos oh

Okay. So, where's the main verb? Before you Okay. >> struggle with klapentos, where's the main freaking verb? pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew pew Um Is it it etine? Good. Yeah. So, let's find it. Let's find it in the list. Where is it in the boom boom boom etine Oh, is it uh tine tino? There you go. So, paid back. Is that right? Yeah. Um

So, there's your subject. You've got your subject. Don't lose it. You've got your subject here and your verb. Just translate your subject and then your verb. Okay, so uh

Fire [snorts] um paid back. Right? So, Yeah, is it the fire it Or is it the >> puros there? Let's Hang on a second. Just translate Prometheus etine. Okay. Prometheus paid back. Good. Prometheus paid back what? tauten accusative dikain They're going

Together. Prometheus paid tauten dikain. This justice This justice? >> Yeah, this justice, this penalty. Right? klapentos There is your participle. There is your participle. Oh god, what is that from? klap klap Where have you seen it? >> Stolen? There you go. Exactly. >> Okay. Yes. Yes. Okay, cool. Right? Stole the fire. Yeah, when he stole the fire, dude, he paid this penalty mechris until

Here's the subject. So, doesn't look like a subject, but it is. Until Heracles Uh-huh. Yeah. elusen Until Heracles what? elusen Um uh Dissolved dissolved Yeah, right.

[laughter]

Right? Right? Until Heracles did what? He dissolved auton. Uh him hou stet on at a later time Later. >> time, right? He Now, what do I have What are you going to say for dissolved? He what? Just uh destroyed. No. Uh-uh. No, he didn't come and kill him. He he lets him go. He frees him. Oh, release. Yeah, there you go. Release. There you go. >> Yeah. Okay. >> [snorts] >> Yeah. Now, this last phrase, hos the hos here is really just an as. It's not a purpose clause or nothing like that. I see. Yeah, cuz

We're not using This is just an indicative. Right? It's from delo which has a contract. So, its vowel is going to look long, but it is not a few It is not a uh uh uh um a subjunctive or anything. Right? Okay. So, as delosomen

Delosomen delosomen as as we It's technically in the you you it's technically a first-person plural, but it's the author talking. As we will show in twice in these writings, Cath had a clay in the section. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. In the section on Heracles, yeah. In the section on Heracles, literally in the words according to Heracles or on about Heracles, yeah. Nice. Laugh at Wow, that's so great. Look what you did. Look what you did. [laughter] It's almost midnight your time, and hang hang on. I want to count these lines. I want

To count these lines cuz this is important. Okay? You read 1 2 3 6 plus what? Two here.

And where do we miss the other ones? They're at the top. Two here, 7 8.

9 Plus another 11. Okay? 9 plus another 11. That's 24 [\\h__\\h] lines. My god. Okay? Listen. No, listen to me. You just read 20 lines of Greek. All right? How does that feel? It feels awesome. >> [laughter] >> Oh, that was so fun. You and I could keep doing this for the next hour and read another 30 40 lines.

And what you would be doing if you did that was you'd be building your vocabulary. Right? With an author that is very friendly. He is not going to screw you by by putting purpose clauses plus conditionals in the same [\\h__\\h] line. Right? That's why I'm saying this is real Greek. Not not what you were reading in the exercises. Do you see how this clicks? How it kind of all of a sudden your rules and everything you're using kind of click? And yeah, and it makes sense.

Congratulations. Okay? Congratulations. Now, we just did 13 and 14. Mhm. Right? I want to do 15

And 16 for tomorrow. I want you to do 15 and 16, but all I want you to do is read them Okay. like you're just trying to pack it in your brain. Not forcefully go over and memorize memorize memorize, but just to read them for understanding. And then I want you to jump right away that you got to do your vocabulary, too. But then I want you to jump [clears throat] right away to look in unit 15. Okay. Uh here, let me bring up the Look in unit 15 at the end. So, give me

The page where the Greek is. Um okay. [clears throat] Um it's 454.

Okay, 454. And you'll notice we're skipping over an exam. Just hang on. Just just hang on. We're we're not going to we're not going to miss it. I want you to read 15 and 16. Okay. But I want you to then focus on uh go to readings. Oh god, hurry up. Hurry up, woman. Um go to the readings on page Oh my god. My thing had missing pages this doc. Okay. Page That's Aristotle. That's not it. Oh god, it starts the politics. Where is the extra reading?

>> Okay. Euripides Medea page page 458.

This is This is lines 46 to 60. Okay. Okay, so it's a good bit of lines, and it's going to follow then on page 459. You get the rest of the You get the rest of the passage. Just don't just don't miss that. What I want you to do now is I want you to go I want you to switch from your narrative

That we could be reading and we could read a whole bunch of lines to the next degree of difficulty. I want you to read tragedy. And I want you to I want you to realize that this is not at all um straightforward like the narrative. But but it's using the very same mechanics. So, what I want you to do is this is the Medea 46 to 60. Before you even touch this thing in Greek I want you to read the first 100 lines of the Medea by Euripides. And you can get that you can

Get that here on the Perseus site. If you just put Euripides in and then you'll see Medea, right? At top. So, I'll just show it to you here. Put Medea's English in. Put Medea's English in and just read the first 100 lines, and I want you then since you'll get the entire context, then I want you to translate that Greek. Can you do that? Yeah. Okay. >> that. Now, at the beginning of next class, that's what we're going to do the second half. We're going to do the next

Two units, and we're going to do Medea. Right. When we start That's the second half of class. The first half of class will be your testing in everything that we have had thus far. How do I want you to prep for this? I want you to do the review. Okay. Do the Do the review. Okay? And then I will test you, but all I want you to do is the review. Okay. Okay? [clears throat] So, for for next 14 Oh, or the test? >> For the unit test.

>> Test for unit Okay. It's at the end of It's at the end of 14. Just do the Uh what page is that on? Give me the page real quick. There's just one. Right? Yeah, I see. Uh 419. 419.

Boom boom boom. It's before the exam. Boom. Okay.

Yep, there we go. Okay, so starting on page bottom of page 419. And don't don't do number two. Forget number two. Okay. Okay? Don't do that at all. Um do number 1 4 5 6 7, and see if you can make it to 8 9 10-ish, right? If If you can. If you can make it that far. Now, you your difference between your difference between Medea and this review is going to be shocking. You need to get the review done first. That you must get done first. If you don't have the Medea

Completely done, I don't care. We'll do the Greek together. What you really need to do is this. And if you can get the Medea as well, then you're a champion. And um you know, >> [snorts] >> you're just a champion. Okay? All right. So, if you don't get all of 16

Read, that's okay. We'll cover it together. Okay? If you don't get all of 16 read, don't worry about it. Focus on the review and then reading 15, reading 16, and doing Medea in 15. Okay? Do it in that Okay, and I don't know how long it's going to take you. Would you do me a favor and add up how much time you're spending. Let me hear next time how much time you spent on it so I can tell people. Yeah, look, she's spending a minimum of 3 hours,

Right? She prepped for this exam. She did an extra hour. She did four. Whatever. I don't know. It cuz it's going to be dependent on how quickly you assimilate. And you assimilate fast as hell. It may take me 6 hours to do what I just told you to do. That may only take you 2 hours. Okay? Okay. So, what wherever your work is, that I just want to hear it. Okay. All right. Almo- almost time. Do you have any questions for me? No, that sounds good. Okay. You're doing Spectacular. I'm absolutely amazed. I'm absolutely amazed. Okay? All right. All right. We'll talk to you. Cool. See you. Thank you. Thanks, Almon. Thanks, Almon. a good Bye. Have a good