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20260415-Ancient Greek Intensive Course - Part 4

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>> Hello. Madelaina, how are you? Good. How are you? I'm doing well. I'm doing well. I've been in a bit of a rough mood.

I'm in a bit of a rough mood, I have to admit. I'm a little bit I'm a little bit uh upset. Yeah. >> at some at some things I heard in an interview from someone who is not an expert.

Oh [snorts] gosh.

Somebody who is not an expert and is

It's just disappointing to see it. It pisses me off that none of these [\\h__\\h] people has ever read any Greek. How can they say what they're saying when they don't know the language? They haven't exposed themselves. How the [\\h__\\h] do they make any sort of statements?

Oh god. It's amazing. We have to teach I have to teach this skill to you so that you can go out there and fight the the battle for this Renaissance material. That's what I would like. >> [snorts] >> Oh god. How's it coming? I hope your hand I hope you're you're keeping up under the pressure. I hope you're able to hold up because let me be honest with you. This is a lot of material. Yeah. >> of material. How are you holding up? Um >> [clears throat]

>> I'm I'm incredibly nervous, but I'm understanding it if that is any consolation. Fantastic. Good. That's not bad. That's not bad that you're nervous and it bothers you. Right? But the fact that you're still you still got that wind. You know what I mean? You're still This wind is still at your back. You still are are running and boom. Yeah. >> Good. That's what I want to hear. Okay, shall we get started? Today I want to start with your review.

And what I want you to do is Oh, yeah, thanks, Joey.

Yeah, 77. Okay. Madelaina and the voices in your head, please turn to page 77. This is a review. This is a review and I want you to go down to sentence number eight. Okay. Sentence number eight and I just want you to read it out loud in Greek because we're always going to be reading it in Greek first. Mhm. And then I want you to just kind of talk through how you think you should translate this. You know what I mean? Yeah. Go ahead. Number eight.

>> Okay.

Beautiful. Pronunciation is great. I don't have any problems. Love your rows. You're trilling it. And I love that. I'm supposed to, but I I tend to digress back to that non-trilled form. Anyhow, uh beautifully done. Beautifully accurately done. Now that I've been stalling you should have had time to look for the verbs. Where are the verbs in that sentence? Um it's kaleo says and um

Pem pempein. Good. Let's identify those. What is kaleo says? Um uh Kaleo says is is it's

Um >> [snorts]

>> I'm going to make him drink himself to death. That's what I'm going to do. The guy that said this [\\h__\\h] I'm going to make him drink himself to death. Okay, anyway. Uh >> Kaleo says, yeah. What is it? What tense do you think it is? Um I I was thinking it was um um god uh like

Take that down. Like future indicative? Future indicative. What person and number, please? Um uh uh um uh uh uh second sorry second um uh uh simple or I mean Second person singular. Singular simple. I don't know. Singular. That's okay. That's okay. You know what I mean. Look, you know, when a ballerina makes a misstep and her and her instructor yells at her and says, "Go back on point." or whatever cuz she came off of point, she doesn't have to apologize for that and I don't want you to apologize for anything. I am

Correcting you. That's all. It is a second person singular. That's what we're looking for. Good. So it'd be you will be uh uh lay layos um uh kaleos Yeah, what is kaleo? Do you remember what that one means? >> Kaleo uh is that one the order command? There you go. Let's try that. >> will be you will be ordering or you will be ordering. Okay. Yeah. Um

And then I'll go to the other verb and do that one. Should I Should I go stick with one side and then go to the other? >> No, just tell me. I just want you to identify what is pempein. Right? Cuz it doesn't Go ahead. Oh, it uh um

What to say is to send, but then the ain is um Uh-huh. You got it. Keep going. You're right there. Oh god. Oh, is it Is it just present? What do you call this thing? Yes, but what is it an infinitive? Is it an infinitive? Oh, it's an it's an it's an an infinitive, right? Good. It's an infinitive. Yeah, I always forget about those ones. Yes. Now, they're just doing basic IDs, right? But line up all the perps. Identify them, right? Mhm.

So, what do we have there? Pempein, we've got an infinitive. And what Why do we have an infinitive? Because when you're going to order somebody, you're going to order them to do something. Okay. You need an infinitive with this verb to order to tell you what exactly you're going to be doing. Right? We're going to order them to what? Order them to send something, apparently, right? Send a gift. Fantastic. Okay, now go ahead and I'm going to let you just translate. Oh, okay. Um Know that if you start with your main verb, which is kaleo says,

Right? If you start with your verb, good. That's the best place. So, yeah. If you get lost. Now, I'm going to let you spin your wheels or get it, but it's your stage.

Why sending? Say order. You'll Sorry. You'll order Yeah, order. Um you'll order

Look [snorts] for something in the accusative cuz do you know what you're going to order somebody to do something? Yeah. >> order will >> the friend Is the >> There you Okay. I just was trying to make sense of I Okay. Don't make sense. Don't make sense. Just think logic. >> you will order the friend um

Pempein to to send Good. a gift. No, not singular. Dora. Dora pro >> Oh, send gifts. Good. Um

And kai kai Kai kai Oh, um Both A and B. And those are datives. So, you should think about two, four, or with >> okay. Nice. Yeah, two

Two the gods. Uh-huh. Two the gods, man. >> [laughter] >> To both gods, yeah. >> Gods and man. There you go. That's what >> Oh, that makes sense. Yeah, that's what the kai kai is doing. It's saying you know, you got A over here, gods, and you got B, but it's both of them that we're doing this to, right? Good. >> Yeah. Dora, right? Sending those gifts. What kind of gifts are we sending to the gods? Don't try to make sense of this crap. Right? It's made up. It's It's made up.

It's made up, so all I'm doing Mhm. >> is is getting you to visualize the archeology, the field survey, the the physical evidence we've got. That's all. Okay, look at number seven. O anthrope. God damn it, can you see in the parentheses below that it says vocative? >> Vocative, yeah. So, it's uh command or No, no, no, that's an that's an imperative. Don't Imperatives are commands. Vocative is address. Address, okay. Good. So

Oh, man. Oh, dude. Oh, dude. Right? Because no, I'm serious. If it were man I would let you translate it as man Mhm. if it were aner, which is their word for you know, the male versus the female, the masculine anthrope is so

Mhm. focused on the mortality. This is how it's used in classical Greek. It's a focus on the mortality of the individual. So, it's just like it's a lot like just mortals. Right? >> Yeah. Um that's why that's why I prefer dude. That's why I prefer dude cuz you know, you can say the same thing to a woman, dude. Right? Yeah.

O anthrope. But if you want to just if you want to translate it O man, go ahead, but it I think it's not as elegant. Go ahead. Um O man. And then paideuo Uh-huh. on double accusative. Look, everybody, she jumped right to the She jumped right to the verb now at the end. This is good. Yeah. Why the [\\h__\\h] do you keep telling me you're sorry? Oh, yeah, I'm so sorry. I'm >> I'm sorry that I'm saying >> No, you're hindering your own efforts, okay? Yeah. Imagine if that ballerina

Said she was sorry every time she did something, right? No, no, no. It's technique. That's all we're doing is giving technique. Beautiful. You jumped right to the verb. Look at your strong point. You You went right to the heart, paideuo. Um identify paideuo, please. Um

It's uh Is it

Is it Is it also Oh, I'm I'm I'm sorry. I'm Oh, god. No, you're not sorry. >> I'm Right? I [snorts] just keep looking at the word. >> have to be sorry. You know what you You know what you are? You're doing Let me tell you honestly, stop for a second. >> I'm overwhelmed as well. Yes, you are. You're doing a pull-up. That's all. You're doing a pull-up. Now, you happen to be doing a pull-up in front of a whole bunch of people who are watching

You. So, I'm sure that that doesn't I'm sure that that doesn't make you comfortable, but but let's make you as comfortable as possible and say, "Look, it's just a pull-up." And you know why you're struggling here? Because I did not emphasize with you page 55. Please go

There now. These

Yeah. are the verbs in their six principal parts. You lost, Chewie? Page 55. You know, I was going to I was going to say that I don't really uh I'm not as like super familiar with what

What the principal parts are. Right? You're doing your push-ups and you know that um you need some work. Here's the trick with the principal parts. Put that up. Look at these four verbs, memorize their principal parts,

And you absolutely cannot go wrong. Now, we're about to go into an exam. So, we're going to do it right now. Look Just look at the first verb, keleuo, keleuso, ekelosa. kekeleuka, kekeleusmai, ekelousthen. Now, really

Quick as we're cramming for this exam, right? Cuz I got to get you to do a certain number of pull-ups, right? Or Yeah. Or right? You You only need the first three principal parts today. So, forget about four, five, and six. Just look at one, two, and three. keleuo, keleuso, ekelosa. Okay? Yeah. There it is. That's how you're going to know exactly what tense. When I yell at you and I say, "Identify that verb." You're going to be able to respond because you're going to be able to tell if it's

From that first, second, or third principal part. That's it. Right? Yeah. Okay. Look at luo. luo, luso, elusa. No problem. No problem. paideuo paideuso epaideusa

Okay? I want you to be able to look at the verbs in this review and tell me are they from that first, second, or third principal part? pempo, pempso, epempsa Now, here's here's the real cheat. Focus on this. The first principal part is the present and the imperfect. Mhm. It's the present and the imperfect. The second principal part is the future, the third is the aorist. So, if you have an ending that looks aorist, that's going to tip you off right away. If you have one of these generics like this omega

Or the ace that we see, Yeah. Those look Those look the same. There you're going to have to determine, "Oh, well, look, keleuso is the second principal part. It's got that sigma for the future, so this is going to be the future." So, >> Yeah. right now, I want you to sit there, and I want you to speak out loud so that I can hear you do it. I'm going to watch I'm going to watch you. I'm going to put her up there on my screen big. Let me see. I'm going

To look stare right into her face and make her nervous as [\\h__\\h] >> [laughter] >> Like I'm a drill sergeant, right? Because I'm trying to teach you not to think about what you're doing. Are you ready? I Here's what I want you to do. I want you to say keleuo, keleuso, ekelosa. I want you to say that five times, please. Go. keleuo, keleuso, ekelo ek ekelosa

Ekelosa. Hit your accent. Okay. >> Hit your accent, god damn it. >> [laughter] >> keleuo keleuso ekelo ekel ekelosa Yes. Now, you Now you can sit down. Look at the book. No, you don't have the book in front of you. Yeah, I do. >> Do you have the book? Okay, here's what I Here's what I want you to do. I want you to look stare directly into the words, and as you say it, I want you to feel each of those letters. Right? It's

That familiarity. keleuo. Oh, god, could you feel the digamma in the upsilon there? keleuo keleuso

Yeah. Look, look how you dragged it out, right? keleuso. Beautiful. How Let me hear that aorist. ekelosa Uh oh, you know what? God damn it, a little British son of a [\\h__\\h] snuck up. God damn it. No. Say it again, and this time I don't want to hear an oo at all. Oh.

Ekelosa Okay, put the accent. Put the accent. Where it belongs. keleus ekelosa There you go. ekelosa ekelosa

I ordered them I ordered them ekelosa ekelosa Where's the accent? Is there ekelosa? Right? keleuo, keleuso ekelosa.

Now, you won't forget those three. Those three just because you repeated it. You're Now, let's do it for luo. You You go ahead, luo. Give me luo. luo luso elusa

Um No, no, no, keep going. Keep going. Do them again. Do them again. Do them all over until it's in your in your god damn brain. Go for it. luo, luso, elusa luo luo luo luo Yeah, you like that? luo

Luso luso elusa [snorts] elusa See, the accent's on the epsilon. elusa elusa elusa Listen to that. That word elusa is three syllables. E lu sa.

It's three syllables. That is the perfect length for a classical Greek word. Why? Because of that accent. It can fall recessively all the way back and it feels fine. Do you understand? The Greeks love this stuff. The Greeks love it. Okay, one more time. Luo luso elusa. Luo luso elusa. Good. Paideo paideuso

Epaideusa. Look at where the accent is. Epaideusa. Paideo paideuso epaideusa.

Beautiful. Beautiful. And pempo pempo pempso epempsa. Look at the accent. Epempsa. Mhm. Pempo pempso epempsa. Beautiful. Now turn back. Right? It's just push-ups. Now turn back to 77. Okay. And go to sentence five. Four is a mishmash of [\\h__\\h] I I saw that. Yeah, okay. Don't worry about that. >> [laughter] >> Don't I should have told you not to waste your time on it. But that's okay. It's just prepositional phrases. >> Yeah. Okay, look at number five and I want you to tell me um go to the end.

Okay. Epempomphtha.

Yeah, epempomphtha. Right. Beautiful. Okay, look that accent's three back as well. Isn't that gorgeous? Anyway, um what is this? They they're telling you it's a purpose clause, but I that's the main verb. That's the main verb, right? So I let's identify that guy. Um it's a it's a uh um L [snorts] a a s e uh Why? >> One minute. Why? I think >> Why? God damn it. Go back. Go back to page 55. No. [laughter] God. I don't know I I don't know. >> principal part. I only I only gave you

Three out of the four. I sent you into combat with a goddamn meat cleaver against people with guns. Bombs. >> Look at Look at number four. Kekeleuka is the fourth principal part part of keleuo. Right? Leluka for luo pepaidelka

For paideo and pepompha for pempo. What? >> Pempo. Oh god. Hey, before we leave these number fours, right? There's something really sexy going on. Blow that up for me, Chewie. That's as big as you can get it. Do you see the double Do you see the repetition of the initial consonant? Mhm.

Right? Keleuo becomes keke. Keke. Luo becomes lelu.

Paideo becomes pepai. Right? Mhm. Pempo pepom. >> [clears throat] >> You're replicating that first consonant vowel combination. You're replicating it. >> [sighs] >> Oh god, it's absolutely gorgeous, right? Um so when you see that thing replicated in a form like pepompha and then I throw at you page 77. Sorry, page 77.

Look, now you got me doing it. God damn it. Go to page 77 and look at number five. Look at number five. The verb epempomphtha. Epempomphtha. Yeah, what is that now? Now you know that's the fourth principal part. Mhm. But it's also got an augment. What does it mean when the fourth principal part has an augment?

I don't know. Oh god, it's a whole 'nother. Right? It's a whole 'nother tense. It's the pluperfect. Yeah, the is it second? Uh uh uh Is it good? >> Plural. Second person plural. You nailed it, right? Because why? Because you were working on your endings the other day. You right? And now you've got your endings down. You're like, oh [\\h__\\h] look at that. It's second person. It's a plural, right? Nice. Okay, so just translate epempomphtha.

Epempomphtha. Um

Uh you have Oops. Uh had There you go. Oh, um you had uh s- sent or >> Good. That's it. Done. Done. >> You had sent. Right? And from there you can just mop up the sentence, you know? You're like, oh, what do we want? Oh, stephanon. Look. Stephanon. Look, that's a that's an accusative, right? So you had sent >> sent um a crown. Yeah. A stephanon maybe. Remember what stephanon is? >> I a crown. Good. Um

Uh [clears throat] Is that Is that like four? Paraton. >> Philon Homeru with a Homeru. Look at that. I switched the word order on there to match the English a little bit better. Right? That's something That's something that >> friend of right? Yeah. Yeah. >> Crown for the um You had sent a crown, right? To the friend of Homer. Horse in order that what? In order that >> uh >> Yeah, what do you think? Where's the Where's the verb there? Them Oh, it's uh um uh

Graph graph >> No, no, no, you got it. You got it. You were going to say grapho. Grapho But that's the first principal part. Right? Oh. Yes. Grapho Mhm. grapso Grapso >> egraphsa egrapha.

Right? Where did we We didn't learn those yet. Oh my god. Chewie, back to the vocabulary. No. Look, they're on page 71. >> a to write. 71. Yes, it is. But I want you to visualize it because we're imprinting it on your brain. That's fine. Go to page 71. You'd love it. You know what I mean? Grapho. Pretty soon you'll hunger for this. It's painful now, but grapho grapso

>> Grapso. Yeah. egraphsa. Yeah, you read that. What's that fourth principal part? Uh gegrapha. Good. Hey, voices in Madelena's head. Do you realize how quickly she's reading the Greek now? Right? Yeah, it's just been a few days. Yeah, right. Do you realize that

[laughter]

The faster that you push somebody into it, the more their brain will compensate? Right? She's worried about the grammar now, not about the pronunciation, right? Fantastic. Beautiful job. You see, it's just repetition, Madelena. I love it. Okay, so back to 77. That's grapho. Grapho. And now

Um Why am I using the book, Chewie? I can't use the book with I I mean I still have to use the book. I can't use the flat screen. Unless we put it on the TV and it's giant. My cataracts are so [\\h__\\h] bad. Can you put it on Well, you can't cuz we lose the camera. Camera or audio. We have to sacrifice. I'm not willing to do that. I'll hold the book. I'll hold the book, people. Okay, where are we? Five. Yep. >> [clears throat]

>> What is grapsein? What is grapsein? Uh it's um it's the it's optative, so it's might or aorist. Fantastic. It's might. Right? And and you knew it was aorist. Look at how quickly you're able to identify it, right? Oh my god, did you do that so fast? I was setting up the next point and I'm not even Beautiful. Beautiful job and it's translated as might. It's translated as might. Might, right? Not might not, right? Because of the might. Sorry. >> [clears throat] >> Yeah. Might. Say that again, Madelena. Uh

Might. Might. Yes. Might not. >> It's right. Might is right. Right? Now think about it. You could have chosen may. Mhm. >> Right? You could have chosen something else, but you didn't. You are technically zeroing in on the Greek. Right? That is all that's important. The fact that you're noticing that. Okay, before we cool down cuz I want to cool down for a second here. Go to number three, please. Okay.

Three, please. Ara. Ara. Is going to indicate a question and they put a question mark right at the end. Yeah. >> Right? So as soon as you start reading, and this time I want you to read the whole thing in Greek and I out loud so we can love it. But as you're reading it, I want you to realize Madelena, this is what you're ultimately doing. You are learning

How to track the Greek without automatically translating. Let What the What the hell do I mean exactly? Let me express that. Your temptation as you're translating will be just to run out and to do a a direct English translation. Just word for word. Just trot it out. I don't want you to be doing that. As you're reading the Greek pronouncing it, hearing it in your own ears, and looking at it with your eyes, I want you to be able to understand

That there are keys that will open this door and you're not going to rush to translation until you find the keys. And the key that you're looking for is the verb, right now. That's everything.

So, having said that, go ahead and read it and as you're reading it to yourself, kind of subconsciously be thinking about where's the verb? Yeah. Okay. Go ahead. Uh pro tastes

The gale sate to feel us ties stay always

To say hope us a floss oil

Taint hold on >> [snorts] >> Okay, that was good and a little bit creepy because you substituted an Athenian and Attic you created a an Attic uh slip by going back to the plastic. You did that naturally. I thought that was gorgeous but unusual. Okay.

Let's go. Um where's the main verb at the gale sate? Can you identify that, please? Um it's

The gale sate um uh Is it future?

Is it future? I'm going to let you answer that. I'm going to let you answer that. Sate. No, it's um it's air air syndicative. Good. Good. Aorist indicative. Beautiful. Aorist, right? And what person and number? Um uh uh plural uh second Second person plural, so that's good. Now translate it. Just What does it mean? You plural what? >> released or um destroyed. Gale what? Gale Oh, it's it's command Is it commanding? >> Good. Command. Good. >> You have command. Okay. Yes. Um Uh You commanded. And you know what?

It's an aura at the front, so when I told you to have your mind on looking for the verb, realize realize that with a with an aura on the front Now I'm teaching you how to use the aura. With an aura on the front, the Greek mind is already processing that verbally. Yeah. So, in other words, it indicates a question.

You're going to be thinking about your verb as a question. Mhm. So, it would be have you commanded or did you you. That would be a perfect. Right? Good. Did you command?

Mhm. Um bove Well, hold on. Yeah. Um Your friends, the feel us, yeah? >> Yeah. Um your friends Mhm.

>> Look for an infinitive. You know we got to have another verb. You got to command them to do something, right? So >> So, it's it's Is it they Oh, it's to um sac sacrifice? Good. So say Brilliant. And is that a present infinitive or an aorist? What is that thing? Um I um

Look at the root, yeah. Thoos. Which one is that? It's aorist, all right. >> [laughter] >> Yes, it's aorist. >> Cuz it's I, yeah. Thoos. Yes. Yes. Yes. It's aorist for many reasons, not just because it's thoos. Not just because it's thoos. It's got the aorist um stem in it but also because as you noted, I it's that's an aorist infinitive ending, yeah. And does that matter? Does that matter? Yes, it matters cuz you are setting the aspect.

You're setting the aspect. So, is this something that's continuous or is it something that's a one shotter? This is an This is an This is a one shotter from an aorist. Good. >> [clears throat] >> Good. So, what did you What did you Did you command them to what? To sacrifice? Mhm. Yeah. That makes [snorts] more sense. Yeah. Who are we sacrificing to? Ties they always. The the gods. Yeah.

Yeah. Now there's one little phrase before we get to hope us because that's our that's our purpose clause. Mhm. Um there's one little phrase we left out. We left out the prep No, it's okay. It's okay. It's okay. It's okay. Okay. The prepositional phrase on the front. Pro tastes niche case.

Remember you can translate your prepositions. You can translate your prepositional phrases by themselves. Okay. Okay. By themselves. So, don't It's not like a big mistake. Just go ahead and translate pro tastes niche case. What that mean? >> The before the victory, Before the battle Yeah, before the victory in battle, right? Before the the Before we won, did you order the the dudes the dudes that are friendly, did you order them to sacrifice to the gods hope us in order that what? Um Oh, um

Uh

Um philosophy that um so it that one is uh

Uh optative? >> Optative, beautifully done. >> But so it's um It's a Is it a present optative? Pre present? Yes, it's not an aorist optative because that's phulato. >> I it would be Loxo e phulaxa with a c. So, this is definitely not your aorist. Okay. >> Right? Let's do those principal parts one more time cuz those are Back on page 71. Oh, okay. >> page 71. Look at the bottom of the page at phulato and just tell just talk. Give me the first four principal parts

Of phulato. Phulato phulaxo e phulaxa

Um e phulaxa Good. That's all you need to know right now for this test. Okay. Let's keep it at that and then go back to the example number three and it's phulatoien. Phulatoien. So, yeah, you're right. It's that present optative and what person and number is that? That's the oily people. Is it Is it uh uh third person plural? Beautiful. Um so, they might Good. guard Mhm. They might have guarded. They might guard. You just say they might guard. >> Okay. All righty. What are they guarding? Tain

Horan. Do you remember You hate this word. Do you remember what it is? The land country >> Yeah, the land. Good. Yeah. Yeah. Beautiful. Now look, that's a long sentence with a whole bunch of words in it and it's it's even got a main clause and a subordinate clause. Absolutely wonderful. I love it. It's complex.

Um so, there you go. You just translated the whole thing. And look, it comes down to not some magic but just being able to identify mostly the verb. Mostly the verb. Everything else is just vocabulary.

Right? You got to remember You got to remember that things in the genitive are translated of. Things in the dative are translated to for with. Right? And things in the accusative are the object. Yes. Okay. Now I want you to talk. Tell me, how's that feel going through that? Great. I I think I need a lot more practice but I mean

I'll get there. You need the time and your time is cut short. That's okay. It's cut short, right? >> [laughter] >> So, either you're going to have to stay up at night every night and study for hours, right? And memorize or Um, going

To have to be on the ball like right now. And >> Yeah. you have done, I can tell, enough time outside of instruction that you've committed much to memory. Okay? So, it's a lot. Are you overwhelmed a little bit cuz it's a lot? Yeah. Yeah, for sure. >> [laughter] >> But I mean, I I also enjoy it, so it's that's okay. Okay. Yeah. All right. All right, good. I'm glad we're still there. Hopefully I squeeze out any enjoyment that you may have and just leave you

You know, desiccated. Oh, great. Thank you. There. No soul left to give, right? Fantastic. No, that's what Greek does and that's the way. So, here's what I'm going to do. I'm going to take our break now. Okay. >> And I'm going to come back at about 15 at 15 after. And this is what I need you to do. If I hope you have time. And by the way, it doesn't matter to me if you do it with a group or if you do it by yourself. It

Does not matter. It does. But what I need you to do, because look, we just went through some of the review Mhm. and did those sentences. What I need you to do now is go back to the review on 77. Go to the top of the page. Mhm. Go to the top of the page and do one, two, and three. Okay. Um, no, not three. We did three. One, two, and which is the one we skipped down below? Fudge.

>> We did um We did eight and seven and >> [sighs] >> We did so much. >> do six, though. You're so fast. Okay, do six. One, two, and six, please. Okay. >> One, two, and six. I don't care how you get through But I want you to be able to identify everything about them because when we come back, and you know what? I'm I don't need them till we're going to be a little bit if you can be flexible today. Um, we're going to be a little bit goofy on schedule, but I need to get you ready.

8:00 Um, my time, at 7:42 my time, I'm coming back at 8:00. So, you've got You've got 15 minutes. Okay. And I >> [snorts] >> All right. According to that. And I need you in those 15 minutes to do those three sentences. If you want to listen to the voices in your head while you're doing it, it doesn't matter to me. Okay? So, you just go and do that. When I come back, I'm going to grill you on them as I would normally. Mhm. >> But I want you to see how you can get

Yourself to that point that you're on with everything. Okay? So, go for it. The one, two, and six. All right.

>> [Music] >> Um You she it was were um, where where where where are we? It

If I do we were um, uh, adjective >> Okay. Give yourself a break. Give yourself a break. All right. >> [laughter] >> Do you see >> You're early, man. You're early. Do you see how it's a workout? >> [clears throat] >> Do you get I know I'm jumping in to surprise everyone. Do you see how it's a >> [laughter] >> workout? Yeah. Okay. Make it

Uh

Where did we go? Did we get lost? No, okay. Make it so Make it so that you take a short break mentally. You just did reps, right? You're trying to do reps, trying to get this stuff done. So, now you're going to take a break, but this is intensive. We don't take a break like everybody takes a break. Bring me up the Bring me up the Bible, please, Chewy. Oh, nice. Okay, I just want you to see that your Greek is applicable, that it's, you know, I want

You to feel. Now, you've seen me talk about these verses a thousand times, right? Mhm. >> But now I want you to look at it through the eyes of somebody. Can you move this, Chewy, so she can see the whole thing? There you go. There you go. Can she see what I see? Okay, I got a big white screen in front of me. You got that with Mark 14:51? Yep. Okay, here's what I want you to do. Read it in Greek. Okay.

Kaine nianiskos tis uh s- synekolouthei

Autoi oi autoi peribeblēmenos

Sindona epi gymnou kai kratousin auton auton >> Oh my god, that is good pronunciation. Right? That is exactly what I'm wanting. That beautiful. Madelaina, absolutely gorgeous. Now, Thanks. check this out what you just did. You just read through all those Greek words, right? You're putting together your mind is putting together the pieces while you're there. Look at this one. Kratousin.

Mhm. Kratousin. Yeah, to take a hold of or to arrest, right? Right? Kaine Oh, so that's Oh my god. Isn't it Look, it looks like a It looks like a regular verb, doesn't it? It looks like kratousin, right? Oh god. So, there's this nianiskos synekolouthei following autoi him. Peribeblēmenos,

That is a participle that you have not yet seen, but I want you to know that this is a type of a verb. Okay. A verb rightly it's a verbal adjective. Okay? So, it's a verb that's going to take on the forms of nouns and adjectives. Isn't that weird? Yeah. Yeah. Damn straight. And it All it does All it does is set for you the set for you the environment of what's going on. That's all. It just tells you. Mhm. Right? What's going on while all this stuff is happening? Well, this kid, he's

Been peribeblēmenos, he's been wrapped. Right? Yeah. >> What has he done? He's wrapped the sindona epi gymnou. Look, here's a prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrase, you learned epi, right? Mhm. It's just epi with a genitive.

It's positional on. Yeah. Right? Oh god. Nice. It has a slight edge of covering. Right? Epi as if you would lay a covering on something like a fig leaf on Michelangelo if you were Catholic in the middle Middle Ages, right?

Right? That's That's what epi does. Mhm. That's what it does that to his nakedness. Give me the next one, Chewy. Now, Madelaina, read this one.

Go ahead. >> Ho ho de katalipon lipon katalipon

Ten sidona gymnos Wait, wait. I'm sorry. I was looking at the bottom one. Um You're doing great. You're doing great. Okay. I didn't know if they were different. Uh e- efugen. Good. >> Efugen. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Right? Oh god. More verbs. Look, this is a nice another nice participle here. Katalipon. The The Greeks love these participles. They absolutely love them, right? So, it's literally like Look at the beauty of this construction. It's the definite article with just the de Right? Ho de katalipon,

The one who was leaving behind. Mhm. Right? His sindona efugen, he fled gymnos. Naked. Right? There he is. There he is, the naked kid with Jesus. Now, what I want you to do, though, is notice that you've really been concentrating right from the beginning on just the words, just the alphabet and the words. Please tell me how do you feel? Go ahead, take me back. Please tell me, how do you feel? Awesome. Okay. Okay? You feel solid with that? You feel like, okay, look, I've made the step of now

Putting these letters on my hard drive. I think I Yeah. I think I got it. Right? Do you Do you feel Do you feel that coming? Yeah, I do. Okay, good. And it's good that you noticed there were different versions there, by the way. It's good that you noticed that. That's fantastic. Okay. To your sentences, please. Give me the one that you can do best Mhm. from the review that you just did. Which one? I did the first one pretty well. Okay, read it to me and then translate

It. I'm not going to say a word. I'm just going to listen to you. All right. >> [snorts] >> Okay, so

Uh, what did I do?

Cru son cru son de pimp su sin e te bule e >> [clears throat] >> bule e te eclesia a eclesia eiai

E e na pau se o demos tun polemon

Fantastic. Now, tell us all how you're going to translate this. Okay. Um

Find the verbs. pimp su sin and [clears throat] pau se And um pimp su sin has the ps on it, the psi. And is um the

Um what what what was it? Did I like mark my my stuff? It was um It's third principal part.

Okay. And um and Could it Could it be the All right. Is it definitely the third principal part? What?

No. No, it could be second. Sorry. Good. Um Just consider that in your calculations. Consider that. >> Yeah, I saw I I didn't notice the the um the epsilon. Um And the ending on it is uh

U sin and it it is uh um

I I thought it was future indicative, right? >> Good. Good. It is. Yeah, okay. Um yeah, the the the third the third person plural, they will be sending Um >> Good. Good. And then I went to the other verb and it's pau se and that one is aorist subjunctive, so it's might stop.

And uh or may have may have stopped. Sorry. Um may he she he she may have stopped. Um And then I noticed

Ho demos is nominative. So uh the people

They will send In fact, uh the gold in fact the people they will be sending

Or to the council or to the assembly. Okay, I'm going to make one [laughter] I'm going to make No, no, no. I'm going to make one correction that's going to stop the spinning of the wheels. Okay. Structurally

Yes. You see the hina? Yeah, the in order that. Yeah. So everything that's following that is going to be part of the purpose clause. What comes before it is your main clause. So you need to start with your verb your main clause, pimp su sin. >> Oh, so it's they will Sorry. Good. Good. Good. >> um they will they will send the In fact, they will send the gold

To the council or to the assembly. Beautiful. Great. >> Um in order that um the people might stop the war. Almost not might, but >> Or may stop. May have stopped. No, no, no. Look at Listen to what you're doing. You're filling in tense. Just do may. May stop. >> Okay. May stop. In order that the people may stop the war. Okay. Yeah. Gorgeous. It doesn't need a tense there. In a purpose clause, you don't >> Mhm. screw the tense. Don't worry about the tense. There is no tense.

>> Down. And why is that? No, it's an important thing that you that you brought up. Why is that? Because it's your main verb that is determining the tense. That subordinate that little subordinate [\\h__\\h] that that verb in the purpose clause, it doesn't have enough guts to produce tense because the main verb is doing it, right? Okay. So you can think of it that way. Beautiful translation. Okay. Beautiful translation. Now look, now you just translated Greek. How does it feel? Good. That one was nice. Yeah.

Okay, which one was the worst? Which one was the worst? >> Um well, I had all the pieces to number two. Uh-huh. But I couldn't really put it together very well. Okay, let's do number two. Do number two then. Okay. So

Ho ho men homeros tas anthropon psu chas techne e doroy

Ton theon pe pai deu ken ho i te adelphos ergois Beautiful. Beautiful. Um So

The verb is pe pai deu ken um which is third person singular.

He she it has educated. Good. And that's it. You translated as a perfect, which is perfect. Okay. Yeah. >> Nice. Good. So somebody has educated. Good. Somebody has educated

Homer. Homer? >> No, no, no. What case is Homer in? Well, Homer I I thought Homer was uh I mean he's not Is he not? Um okay. [laughter] Um Homer is in the nominative case, so he's got to be the subject. >> he's he's Is Is he the one who's educating? Homer's at Yes. has educated

Yes. Exactly. >> Okay. Homer has educated >> Homer's educated And I've been trying to figure out who. So I thought it was the the souls of the people. Good. the craft Yeah, what do you do with the craft there, the techne? Yeah. Yeah. Try to for or with. To for with Okay, with with art With craft, with with with skill. Okay.

Um um and

Then it with gifts.

Yeah, this is >> Yeah, this is really tough. That's what it's That's what the words mean. Now we just got to figure out What do you do with that doroy? Yeah. doroy Um so It is telling you

What the techne that comes before it is. Now um the unfortunate problem here is there's a comma between techne and doroy. Yeah. There There isn't in the original. Those commas are our our invention. Okay. It is trying to tell you what the skill is. Homer has educated the souls of of people with craft, a craft that is the doroy ton theon. Okay. The the gifts of the gods. Yes, right? It's this It's this gift, baby. Right? But it also has men de, so it's like on on the one hand. So how What is the I don't understand how to structure

That? >> Okay, that's exactly what I wanted you to see. Get ready for something gorgeous in Greek. >> Okay. It's It's the men and the de clause. Okay? What did it mean to the Greeks? It meant on one hand this thing, on the other hand that thing. So, we're going to set up some kind of comparison or contrast.

Apples on this side, men, oranges on that side, de. So, look at what it's doing. Homer Homerous. Just look at the the the phrase surrounding men. On the one hand, Homer. >> Homer. On the one hand >> adelphos. On the other hand, his brother. >> uh his brother's work.

>> [Laughter] >> Yeah. Isn't that weird? Look what they did. So, what are they doing? They're saying because this is how the Greek is working. Because these two things are being compared or contrasted, what we're going to do is leave everything out for the de except for what's different. So, the only thing that's different is in this case it's the brother, not Homer, doing the educating. We don't We don't need to put a verb there because we know it's the same verb that we're talking about. On the one

Hand, Homer has educated the souls of men with skill, which is the gift of the gods. On the other hand, ho adelphos. So, there's our subject with the same verb. With Yeah. Mhm. And then a dative. >> A dative, so >> Telling you how his bro- how his brother does it. Yeah. Okay. With With in deeds in deeds educates.

>> Okay. Right? Mhm. >> [laughter] >> Okay. Right? Isn't that weird? Yeah. Okay. So, on the one hand, Homer has educated the souls of men, right? With the skill that is the gift of the gods. On the other hand, his brother has done everything by deeds.

>> Right? So, >> Yeah. Homer's sitting there with his words. That's essentially what they're trying to compare. They're using this What the editors are not throwing in there to make it easier for you is there's this constant comparison in mother Greek between doing something actually Mhm.

And speaking out that thing. There's a big difference between words and actions. Right? Speech and action for some reason. For them is a huge. So, that's behind this why there's what they're doing. Now, let's say we have instrumental datives. Oh god, with that skill, that's an instrument, right? Mhm. Apposition. That's what the techne and the toy is doing. And the ellipsis of the verb in the parentheses, right? The ellipsis is just the removal of the verb from the de clause.

Okay. Then don't try to make to don't try to make too much sense out of that. All right. Out of their musings. Okay, number six, I want to give that one and then I'm going to give you a a break. Okay. Hosme- No, six. Ta dora. Starting Ta dora. Go ahead. Ta dora ta para

Theon anthropo anthropos

Epaideuen theoi theois God estuon Yeah. Estuon tense, right? Beautiful. Don't try to make too much sense of this This one I actually think there's no way to translate this that makes any sense, right? So, but go ahead. >> um

So, I went to the verb epaideuen and um I I thought it was imperfect indicative active. He He were educating.

Okay, epaideuen. What tense? Um uh uh third right? Um tense. No, is it present, imperfect, future, uh aorist, or perfect? Is it imperfect? Uh well, I don't know. I thought so. Look at the stem. It's from the first principal part. And it's got a imperfect ending on it. So, dear damn straight. Say it with confidence. You're [\\h__\\h] [\\h__\\h] right. That's an imperfect.

[laughter]

Go ahead. Imperfect indicative active. He she it were educating. Um the gifts the God or Oh, wait. So, ta dora ta

Uh it just amplifies the gift, right? Right. Right. The para theon is just with the >> uh yeah. Those are gifts para theon. What would What would gifts para theon be? Um for the God. Now, para really means to be by the side of. >> Oh, by the side of >> side of Think of this. It's this. It's couplet. Mhm.

Together, these are by These digits are by each other. Mhm. Para really means to be right next to something. Okay. So, when you use it in the genitive case, think back to your diagram. That genitive was kind of showing an out of or away from a a direction away from. So, you're thinking this, two things standing next to each other, and then on a way from. Okay. >> So, these are ta dora, the gifts that are next to and then away from, coming from the gods.

>> Okay. >> [laughter] >> All right. >> Kind Kind of weird, no? Yeah. Um

Um um dudes um mankind mankind anthropos Make ta dora the subject. Make that the subject because as they tell you in the parentheses underneath, >> Mhm. one thing that you're supposed to remember from the tiny tiny notes that were all over the units is >> [clears throat]

[laughter]

>> Is um that your neuter plural subject can take a singular verb. It takes a third person singular. This is a third person singular. So, you're right. Your subject is ta dora ta para theon. The gifts The gifts from the gods, yeah. >> The gods. Mhm. epaideuen of mankind

No, make that the object. Make anthropos the object. So, the gifts of the gods epaideuen Oh, um

Uh were educating people. >> Good. Good. We're educating the people. Okay. >> Good. Right. Again, it doesn't make much sense, but for that reason theois ethuon. Mhm. Okay. Uh theois para estuon uh estuon

Is that um sacrifice, right? Good. [snorts] >> So, it that would be I don't I didn't look at that yet. So, it would be Would it also be imperfect indicative? >> Yes. Yep. >> Um and so then it would be uh um

The the they they sacrificed They were sacrificing uh for the gods. Almost perfect. Enough. Uh I don't know why I get stuck on the preposition. What you say Yeah, I mean, you could argue >> to the gods. Yeah, it's probably to the gods cuz you sacrifice to things. That's how they use it, yeah. I mean, for Technically, it could be for as well. So, and again, like that sentence doesn't make sense. I mean, I'm sorry, but >> [snorts] >> God the the gifts of the gods, they

Teach humans, but um because they sacrificed to the gods. I I don't understand. It's just I don't I think not. >> Because So, does that gar like does that mean also because for the reason? >> It's telling you there is a connection here, and I'm going to explain what it is. That's what it does. That's what God is. Okay. >> People usually translate that for. for >> Right? We did this for, but I don't know if for is used so much that way in modern English. Like So,

Yeah. Mhm. Okay. >> Yeah. Why the Why did the you I don't know what it's trying to say. We sac- >> [sighs] >> Uh whatever. It's not It's not real Greek, right? It's not real Greek. So, you're going to get that sensation every once in a while. Okay. Now, I want to stop there. Look, we went through the entire review. Where do you feel you are? Um if I were to tell you you can either have your exam tonight, right now, after

A 10-15 minute break, or I can give it to you Friday.

Um Which would you cuz you may need a day to study for it, or do you think you're ready to take it now? I mean I could I could try and fail. >> [laughter] >> Yeah. Well, see this is the experimental part of what we're doing is I could give you that exam right now, and I'm pretty sure that you would get an 80% or higher. All right, 80% or higher. I'm I'm almost certain. My concern is would you get an A because you don't want to shoot for an 80%. You want to shoot for a maxing it out. Okay. So, would you like

An extra day to do some reading and some review and have your exam tomorrow, or do you just want to get it out of the way? And if you're at 80%, that's a pass. Right? That's your You're able to go on, but I want I want you to determine. What do you want? You going to take the This is like a beast. What do you call that? Beast games or something. Do you Oh, I don't know. I mean, I I feel like I kind of just want to get it

Over with, but Well, I mean

Yeah, I don't know. What do the voices in your head say? To get it over with, but I'm going to I think Craig take Take a crack at it. Take a crack at it. I personally think that you should probably maybe take a day to to uh to to study more. I don't know. That's me. That's me. I don't know. Well, if if the test if she fails today, then uh she can retake it again tomorrow, right, Ammon? Um yeah, I suppose there's two exams there anyway, so she could There's no

Reason she couldn't do it twice. Yeah, of course. She's not going to fail today. She's not going to fail today. She will get 80% or higher. I can tell just by drilling her. She'll get 80% or higher, but >> [sighs] >> I want all my students to get 90 90 and up, you know, because they need to be functioning at that really demanding level. You know what I mean? It's okay for army pogues to get a to get an 80%, but for the Marine Corps, you got to you got to max out. So, It

Was twice. >> I'll give I don't mind watching her get an 80%. Not not at all. And if you want to use that as a pretest, Madalena, go ahead. Or you may want to spend your time going over what you know you need to review and the Okay. verb forms, all the forms of the verb, the first four principal parts, you know, the vocabulary. Although, you're doing marvelously with vocabulary, so I don't have any fears there either. Okay. So, but just take a minute and you know what? Let's take a break, and in >> Okay. 10 minutes we'll come back. Take

10 Minutes. Think about it. Consult with the voices and um we'll figure out whether or not we're going to go test or no test. Okay. Okay. Sounds good.

>> Boom. If it's Oh god, I'm early. >> Is he back? He's back already? I'm early. Oh god. And guess what? I got to thinking about it, Madalena. And you know what? I don't want to see you unless you're at 95%. Do you understand? So, it's really my decision because I need to make out of the student the instrument of doom. Right? So, um here's what I want you to do. We're going to take your exam when you come um back Friday tomorrow. And now now you

Can take a break because you've been on it. You've been cutting the ice the whole night. So, sit down on the sideline. Pick up unit four. And together you and I are going to start reading through unit four.

Okay. And then when we get bored, we're going to do um I'll throw in some Bible for you. Um or pre-Socratics. First declension nouns are concluded. That's what we've got in unit four. Look what we've got on page on page 87.

Look what we've got on page 87. More of these feminine nouns, right? They've got the nominative singular and the short alpha. Just look below at the very bottom of the page. Why don't you say these for me? Just read down the column starting with thalatta. Go ahead. thalatta mousa

Um

Gephyra um moira Yes, and moira is one of my personal favorites because moira is fate. Mhm. Isn't that gorgeous? Yeah. What are the Yeah, fantastic. Okay. Um anyway, that's not why they're giving her to you here, so don't let me corrupt your brain. Uh go ahead. Keep reading up and down the columns. Read up. We're going over forms. These are the Okay. Mhm. Okay. So

Thalatta thalattais thalattai thalattan Okay, now stop. Do something for me. This is strictly just for me. Okay. Read those as a Pelasgian. Oh, yes, the Pelasgian. >> with the sigmas, two sigmas, right? thalassa

Thalassais thalassai thalass thalatt thalassan Nice. Now, why did they switch, man? Why did they Why did they trump that? What was in the Athenian air that they just didn't like that, so they were like, "No, we got to have taus there instead of sigmas." Any ideas? I don't know. Well

The ta ta Do they just not like hissing or something? It's kind of a hiss, you know? Yeah. thalatta Love it. Say mousa for me. Give me those forms.

>> [Clears throat] >> mousa mousais mousai mousan Good. And how about I hate this word cuz it's just it doesn't sound like I don't know. It doesn't sound nice to me. gephyra Right? Stupid word for bridge, but anyway, um skip that one. Say moira. moira Uh-huh. moiras

Moirai moiran Uh-huh. And on the next page, if you look at moirai at the It is These are the beginning of the plurals. Um that's how they're always referring to the fates, right? The moirai. moirai Yeah. Yeah. And they are the sisters, baby. You got to love them. Um Let's see if there's go here real quick to the LSJ.

Mhm. Please. Thank you very much.

Boom. Oh god, are we going to get Oh yeah, this is going to be good. Go ahead and pull it up. Take a look at some of the deaths. I know you're probably running out of battery and have to drink your >> I just plugged my phone in, so. Okay, cool. Cool. Look at this and just tell me. I want you to peruse this. This is all, you know, this is the goody of why you're learning this language in the first place. Mhm. Right? Yeah. Oh

God, what does it mean? A part? A part as opposed to the whole. Mhm. You mean fate all comes down to a portion?

>> [Sighs] >> Does that Do you feel Does any of that feel good to you? I don't know. You know, not Maybe not yet, right? Okay, it It can be a division of people. Look at that. Division of an army. It can be a political party. Can be a political party. So, that's interesting. That's how the Euripides. That's how those freaking Athenians are using it. Um it's a degree.

Well, that makes sense in astronomy, doesn't it kind of? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, look at number two, Roman numeral number two, a lot a portion. Right? Look what happens in three. One's portion in life, right? That's

Meant for you, mostly of ill fortune. Mhm. Interesting, huh? Yeah. Notice the concept of divine providence down here? Yeah. All right? That's Greek. That's not That's not from don't mistake that for Christianity. Providence is not a Christian idea. Moira herself is your providence.

It's what your life has become. Right? That's her gift. I think that's awfully I think that's awfully cool. Now, [clears throat] look at look at number two at the top here. It says like mod us, which is man's appointed doom.

Your death. >> [sighs] >> God. Before your moira's, right? Pro moira's, look there on the Again, I'm forcing you to look at Greek. Look at the fourth line down, pro There you go. Thanks, Jerry. Pro moira's, look, you're identifying stuff, too. Look, you're both learning. You're like a voice in Madeleine's head. That's funny.

>> [Laughter] >> Fantastic. Before the appointed time. Before the appointed time, pro moira's. But look, it's taking on a certain starts to take on a certain moral kind of claim. That which is meet and right. And remember, this is not in chronological order. So, that This is not how the word is developing over time. Yeah. Right? When when Westhoff when Westhoff said I took the bottom definition cuz I was messed up in my time These are not chronic, people. These are not chronic. That which is meet and right goes all

The way back to Homer. So, respect or esteem. Your fate is your respect. I kind of see that. Right? Oh God, and then we have Moira. Oh God, here she is, goddess of fate. Homer always ah and he gives some examples, Orphic fragments. Notice it's Orphic. Mhm. So, what are you doing? Are we wasting your time? No. What you're doing is you are building vocabulary based upon these references.

Right? And and unless you spend time in lexicon, um you're not going to be a good classical philologist. Notice that we can talk about the Furies. Yeah. Right? Those who have bad names, the disonomous, you know, like the word Right? Anonymous, right? Without the name. Mhm. This is disonomous. We don't have this concept in English. Watch this. Let's just play with this one a little bit and we'll get back to four. But um tell me when you get dus onomos in there.

God, do you have that bearing an ill name or hateful?

That's somebody who's disonomous. Disonomous. What else is disonomous? What else has a bad name? Look at this little word. You You wouldn't notice this word Mhm. unless I pointed it out. Cair. Cair is a woman. Cair is a woman who rips the soul from the body at the time of death. And you know what gets her off? She gets off on that [\\h__\\h] She loves to take your life at your appointed time. Oh God, and look, if we look up Cair, you didn't believe me, right? But look.

Oh my God. Who is this? >> [snorts] >> Look Look at the top of the entry and you see where it says Cair and it's capitalized cuz it's a lady. Car in the Aeolian. That's nice.

Oh God, um but look at it in the genitive, Kairos. Kairos. If you want the true root, you're going to get it from the genitive. Look, the Dorians are using it as Caris. Look what they do. They take the eta and turn it into an alpha. Caris. Right? Cair or the Caires are the goddesses of death. Don't you love that? There aren't men. There's [clears throat] no men goddesses of death.

It's ladies and I love that and it's goes as far back as Homer. So, this isn't something new. Right? Look who else you can talk about as being that Cair. Right? You can take that death bringer and talk about a person. You can talk about the Erinyes, the Furies.

That way. And look at this. You thought You thought you knew who the Sphinx was. You didn't. Right? There she is, that death bringer. Oh God, especially when it's violent. Don't you love this phrase? Cuz that's when they That's when they use it cuz it's a violent It's a violent um

>> [Sighs] >> It's a violent process of ripping a person's soul out. They describe it and it's like it's a combination of physics and like I don't know, artistic passion or something. I don't know. Death gives you the orgasm. Right? Fantastic.

Plague and disease, you can talk about plague and disease as that death spirit, death bringer. And you can talk about your pimples >> [sighs] >> as death bringers. God damn those death bringing pimples. Right? I mean, come on. They Look at Look at how practical, you know, the language is. And you know, if you can really get a If you can comprehend what I've got in blue right now, the goddesses, right? The goddess in this case, Cair, the goddess of death or doom. She ultimately gives you your moira,

That which is your fate. Right? She's the one who gives that. I love that. Oh God, how do we get to Cair? What do you think? Give me your observations. I love it. I Athanatoi.

The immortals, right? Right? That which is without death. Athanatos. Oh God. Who is sexy? Wait, pull this up. Sexy death in Etruscan. Um Have you seen her? They've got a picture of her. This is This is going on in Etruria.

Did we just get blasted out of Oh, you're back. universe? Okay, sorry. Um Lasa Vecu um Etruscan. I want you to see this cuz this is being depicted. This woman of death. Oh God. Here she is. Here's a nice Pull Pull that up there and see if they put See if you can see this. Madeleine, I can't see can't see you. Tell me if you can see this sheet. Yeah, I can see it. Lasa at the top, right? >> Lasa. Yeah. Yeah, I just want You can

Read this on your own time, but this is This is her. And she is associated, as you see down here, with the Etruscan goddess of love, Aphrodite, who they called Turan. Yeah. Isn't that Isn't that gorgeous? Now, why would the goddess of love be some death bringer?

Right? Yeah. What's that? That's great. That's awesome. Yeah, what I mean, how is that How is that possible? Bring Go ahead, take it down. How is that possible? They have pictures of her in the in Etruscan tombs and she's got like a big hammer. Boom. She brings it down on your head when you die and that's how your soul is split from your body. Did they Did they have a picture of her there with her hammer? She's in there somewhere or she's got a sword in that one.

Here's Lasa on one back of a mirror. That's pretty pretty simple mirror, but there you go. Right? Oh God, and she's winged. They show her with wings. Usually in the paintings, she has black wings. This is the black Aphrodite. And the closest that you can get to her is the Aphrodite who's on the coast of the Black Sea with Artemis. Right? Artemis there on the on the Black Sea. Artemis is the huntress who is Aphrodite.

So, this There are some gorgeousness going on with this these concepts. >> What is that? Yeah, another Etruscan mirror it looks like, right? Nice engraved. There's I've seen better, but there There's a nice one. What is that? Oh god, look at them. Look at them. These are mirrors, man. Shoo. Okay, anyway. Put the Put the painting. I just want to show the painting. It's a wall painting. Oh, here's one. Charon No, she's with Charon following the No, it's Charon. Go to another. >> [sighs] >> Ah.

There's a loss of vacu who's got a I think she's got an axe and she's absolutely gorgeous. And they're like, "Look at this death goddess." Okay, anyway, we're wasting Madeleine's time now looking for this. We can look for it later. Okay.

[laughter]

Let's go back to unit four and just look on page 88. We've got more nouns. These are masculine nouns. Right? Masculine nouns with a nominative singular that looks feminine. Right? We got words like at the bottom of the page polites.

That's a citizen. Polites politou. Polite. Look at that. And politan. Wow, new forms. We got neanias. Look, we got the young person off to the right. Neanias neaniou neaniai.

Neanian and then a vocative that we're not going to bother. Right? Fantastic. Oh. Nice. These are masculine nouns. Fantastic. Beautiful. And then they give the plurals on the next page. And guess what? They look like feminines. Neaniai neanian neaniais neanias. Great.

That's nothing new for you. You will absorb that. I don't want you thinking about that until class tomorrow after your exam. I want you reviewing. I just want you to see the stuff. Yeah. Okay? Adjectives on page 89. Adjectives. We're

Going to start getting adjectives. And adjectives have their own declensions. They have their own declensions. Their own families, just like nouns do. I want you to tell me, please.

You've never thought about this before, but adjectives are really kind of the lazy words. They don't All they're going to do is tell you whether a noun is wide or black or large or small or you know, edible or inedible. Right? They're just going to describe the nouns. That's all those adjectives are doing. So, after we've learned nouns in the first verbs in the second and third, we're now getting to adjectives. All they are is ways of describing. Just look at what they Some of them mean.

And by that, go to page Go to the vocabulary and let's just look at a couple of adjectives, right? Right at the top 99. Right at the top. Agathos. Agathe. Agathon. Look at that. They have That one is what you call a three-termination. There's two-termination and three-termination adjectives.

So, sometimes they'll the mat What does that mean? Oh god, it's very simple. Sometimes the masculine and feminine form of the adjective look the same. That's all. So, you really only have two forms. This one has three where the masculine and the feminine look different. Agathos is the masculine. Agathe is the feminine. And agathon is the neuter. Okay, does that make sense? Like just mentally to you, does that make sense? Yeah. Yeah. Good. Good. Let me show you one that's only got two forms. Okay. Uh go down to adikos,

Which is under DK. And why they indent like this? It's just really bothers me. I wish they wouldn't have indented. They're just trying They're just trying to say these are related. These are related words. Okay. So, under DK, you see the adjective adikos adikon, right? Meaning Yeah. unjust.

That's a two-termination adjective. That mean That means it's only going to have two sets of endings. It's not going to have three like the one up top. Yeah. Okay. Underneath it dikaios dikai a dikaion is three-termination adjective.

Good. It's got three. It's masculine and it's feminine are separate.

Great. All right. Let's do the most complex confusing thing on the planet. Are you ready? This is what breaks most people. Ah. After the exam, they come in tired. And they're like, "Okay, I barely made it and I'm really happy to be here and I'm working hard and getting my 90% but I'm I'm barely here. Right? That took a lot to get here." And then all of a sudden you slap them with conditionals. [clears throat] From If you just look at the chart that's supposed to summarize these on page 97.

Just look at the chart that's on page 97. Uh-huh. You see how complicated that is at the bottom? We've got six types of conditionals. We've got something called a future more vivid, something a future less vivid, something present, something past general, present contrafactual power. God. Past contrafactual. How do you even translate this? You have a protasis and an apodosis. What the hell is that? Right? Your protasis is your if clause.

Your apodosis is your then clause. These are conditionals. If something, then something else. Nice. >> If we go to the store, then we will buy groceries. Yeah. That's it. That's it. It's just conditionals, but they are complex. They all have different forms. Yeah. Right? You can say, "Should I go to the store, I would buy something." Right? If I had gone to the store, I would have bought something.

Those are all different types of conditionals that have different tenses on them. Right? Had would have. That's in the past. Right? Oh god, it's going to be so confusing to learn all of these. And they hit you with this right after you've just learned how to use verbs. Right? You just basically know how to make a sentence run. And now they're Now they're going to hit you with something super complex. Okay?

So, I want to warn you. This fourth unit that we're going to go over tomorrow after we do the exam, it's going to be it's going to be a killer. Um conditional sentences when you get to them, just read through it very carefully and and realize that you're going to be able to practice them so that you can learn. Okay. From conditionals

Before we get into the chewy meat. I want you to notice that at the end they they just give you Wait, no. I skipped it. This is before. Boom boom boom. Agreement of adjectives and nouns. This is on page 92 and I want to read this with you because um we absolutely must understand this cuz this is not just going to apply to adjectives and nouns, but it's also going to apply to participles, all sorts of stuff that we get in the future. Right? So, I need you to read this Read

This to me now the paragraph in English and then we'll we'll go through the examples. Okay. Just as the definite article agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun which it modifies, but does not necessarily have an identical ending,

So too adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns which they modify regardless of any external difference in the form of the endings. Good. So, was that completely and totally transparent? No. No. Let's Let's take a look at the following examples to see what they're talking about, right? Okay, each of the following phrases shows agreement. Tois anthropos.

Mhm. Right? Both of those are in the dative plural. Right? Both masculine dative plural. Good. Yeah. Okay. Good. Tois nesoice. Both are feminine dative plural. Right? And I even said tois. Right? It's not. It's tais. Tais. >> Right? Why? Because Because they're feminine. Tais doesn't look like nesoice. Ice isn't oice, but those are both feminine dative plurals. Yeah. And why is that? Because that adjective has to agree with its noun. That's what But is. The agreement. It has to be the same case number and gender. Good. Okay.

Agathe psyche is a good soul, right? And both of those are feminine nominative singular, and they both look that way. But then look what happens when you get to adikia psyche. Both of those are feminine nominative. They're both feminine nominative and they're both singular, right? But they don't look like it. No. Adikia doesn't look like psyche. So you have to realize that they still agree in case number and gender, so we're all good. Right? And then [clears throat] there's the adikos. This is the good one. This is I think people get this one. Look at adikos psyche. That's an unjust soul.

But adikos looks like it's masculine. Psyche looks like it's obviously feminine. So these don't really agree in gender, do they? No, they do. Because adikos adikon is only a two-termination adjective. >> Okay. Yeah. Exactly. You got it, right? See, all I do is slow you down, man. >> [laughter] >> No. No, you're just clarifying a lot.

When we're talking about adjectives we know they have to agree. But we have to know how to use the adjective, and you can talk about positions. So they give us two. They give us the attributive position, and they give us the predicate position. And it's so important that you understand this. An adjective, it says, which modifies a noun and is preceded by an article agreeing with the noun is in the attributive position.

The three varieties of the attributive position are presented, right? So look at what they've got below. Ho agathos anthropos, the good person, good man. Right? What is It's Look how agathos is sandwiched between the article and the noun, right? That's good attributive position. It's telling you I'm coming between the article and the noun, so I am describing the noun. Well, the the next one is doing the very same thing. If you list the article twice you're do you're saying this is an attribute of what's come before it. Ho anthropos ho

Agathos. The man. What kind of man? The good man. So it's the same thing. Then look at the third example. Anthropos ho agathos. That is still in the attributive position because it follows the article, and that article has to be going with anthropos before it. Even though they didn't list it twice. Yeah. And why are they doing this? Why are there three ways? People say, "Oh, it's just expressive." It's just No, no, no. It's not. It's repetition. It's not It's not expressive at all. It's just

Three different ways to do the very same thing. So why are they making three different ways to do the same thing? It's due to something, Madalena, that you and I cannot see, and that's the music.

When you put an extra article in, it's a vowel so it's a note. Oh. Right? So sometimes you don't want that note. It sounds different when you repeat the note as to when you only listed the second time. That sounds different. And that's what the Greek is obsessed with. It's the ability to change the sound of the language. So okay. You're You're awesome.

Um they would say we're barbarians and we just don't, you know. >> Yeah. We just don't get it. Yeah. Good. That's the attributive position. What Let's learn the predicate position, the other one, right? So look at the second paragraph. Uh no, the The first is fine. An adjective which agrees with a noun accompanied by the article but which itself is not preceded by the article is in the predicate position. So look at the example. Ho anthropos agathos.

It's not in the attributive position. It's not coming between the article and its noun. It's not following the article. So it's a predicate. The man is good. Right? You're going to supply You're going to supply the verb to be that's not there. In English we'd have to have the verb to be there. In the Greek mind it's already there. In this position, when it is not near the article, it is in that position. Look at the second one. Agathos ho anthropos. Again it's not coming between

The article and the noun. It's not following the article. So it means the man is good. It doesn't mean the good man. It means the man is good. And finally, ho anthropoi agathoi. Same thing again. The men are good. Notice underneath that they put a little um the alternative, men are good. That's

The different difference between the specific use of the article, the the and the generic. Right? Yeah. Right? So a Bible scholar will come along and you now can correct them. When they say "Oh, it's ho theos, so it's got to be the god. This is referring to a specific one." You can say, "No, no, no. That's how they refer to generic gods, too." Yeah. Right? And that'll blow somebody like what's-his-name, that the Mormon guy, ho god. Dan McClellan. Oh, yeah. Because he made a whole video that was wrong just about

How to use the definite article. Cuz he didn't know how to use it. Right? DuckTales Dan. That was awesome. Yeah. Sorry. Say, "Shut up, old man. Don't give me your I was mad when we started this evening, but you have made me feel much better. I think I've taken in out my frustration on you. Do you mind?

When it pertains to Greek, I don't care. >> [laughter] >> Fantastic. Fantastic. You know, I was mad because that person didn't do Greek and said some stupid things. Um and now look, you're actually doing Greek and you know, it's like this is how it should be. Okay. Um elision is at the end. I know you on page 98.

The only other substance in this chapter is elision, and that's paragraph 42 on page 98. Right? Look at the first example. What is eliding? They're just removing something. Right? Oh god. Look at pempete angelus.

Right? What What do you have to do between ete and ang? Eteang. Oh, it's just like the rhythm of how you say it. Yeah. Okay. >> Yeah. It kind of flows better. Do you think it flows better underneath that where you've elided or taken away the epsilon and then you run them together? So you say pemptetangelus.

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Pemptete angelus has a pause. Pemptetangelus doesn't. Angelus. Pemptetangelus. Yeah. Pemptetangelus. Mhm. Epimpsangelus. Hoi de anthropoi versus hoidanthropoi.

Okay. Yeah. Which of those do you like better? Would you rather hear hoidanthropoi or would you rather hear hoidanthropoi? Hoidanthropoi is cool. Yeah, I think that sounds better, too. Hoidanthropoi. Epi de osate Homeron

Versus epi de osaphor Homeron. Why does it change like that? Look what it did. They took the epsilon off and the tau Mhm. interacted with the omicron in Homeron. But that omicron is aspirated.

So the tau So the tau attracted the aspiration. Yeah. Wow. Is that >> [laughter] >> Oh, that's good Oh, that's good. Is that Is that good stuff? I love that. They call that the attraction. That That letter tau can be influenced by the ha that rough breathing. And there's only a few letters that are influenced by the rough breathing like that. And you learn those over time. It's gorgeous. It's like a It's It's I'm I swear to you. I swear to you, Madalena. There's such a musical

Element to this language that we we're just uh we're barbarians trying to get it. And you know, when we can, we can. When we don't, we don't. Notice at the bottom he says, "The addition of a new movable, where possible, avoids elision." So you can say epimpsen angelus, right? But if you didn't have that nu there, they're going to want to elide it and say epimpsangelus.

Yeah. So [snorts] is that why they put the movable nu in? Because they want the metrics there to be such that the words are distinct. Right? It's a real metrics and rhythm in in mother Greek are like I mean that's it's complicated. The grammarians will argue about how Homer did it exactly and it's just you know amazing. Amazing. Okay. Here's what I want to do. Next time we're going to test you and then we're going to you and I are going to read through conditional sentences. See exactly

How to use those conditional sentences. Um hopefully in a way that's simple straightforward and all you have to do is memorize the chart. So again it's more memorization. Now you've gotten to the point of your first exam. Please tell me how you're feeling. Uh I feel like I need enough room I need to learn the principal parts better and memorize my stuff way more. I I have the vocab and the endings down but understanding

I guess

All the pieces and how they fit together better. I'm going to have to do that I guess. Remember the box um I want you to look at this one. Uh this is one that they told us to outline when I first did this. They were like you must learn this. Um this is on page 19. Okay. For the cases go to that Okay. Chewie yeah do you have it up there? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. You've got it. She's ahead of us. She's always ahead of us. Nominative right? See it's the subject

And then genitive of dative to four with Yeah. accusative direct object right? It's the direct object to something. And then vocative shows you're addressing someone. So if you memorize that chart when you are translating I want you to ask yourself this word is a noun. Okay fine. Is it in what case is it in? When you identify the case I want your brain to go back to this chart. I want that chart to kick in and for you to say okay that's this is how I'm going to use this based on this chart. Okay?

Yeah. How's your vocabulary? Pretty good. I think there's a lot of Why is your vocabulary better? Uh I just running it over and over and reading. Are you particularly focusing on vocab or is it just kind of percolating? It just is it's all coming about. I've been I mean I've been practicing in order to be better at recognizing them in the exercises so Good. Good. Fantastic. There's a lot of ways to study vocabulary as you get ready for your exam. Like you said you need to do the principal parts.

Absolutely. You also unfortunately you also have to remember like how is para used with different cases or how is peri used? Sometimes it means around. Sometimes it means about. When you're in the thick of it trying to translate on the exam Yeah. go through the any possibilities you might you you may have seen to match that up. Instead of trying to say wait a minute in the genitive it's this. I remember the diagram it was away from Um go through the possibilities in your head as you're translating. Sometimes

It'll slip. You'll get a little sometimes you get a little slippage as you're translating and it's just it's just a matter of figuring out of tweaking the case figuring out you know it's all going to fit in place. It's like a puzzle. You just have to put it together. So I think you already knew that. Um you've had a good workout tonight and I think it's fair to call it there. I want you to come back tomorrow when you can be at 95%. Okay. Please. The vocabulary is number

One. Number two is the morphology that you've been learning. Make sure you can tell differences in cases. You know what you're doing. Um it's a pleasure to work with you because you're one step ahead. So I recognize this is the fifth day will be tomorrow. We should be in unit five and we'll only be finishing unit four. Maybe I may push us.

Um let me start if it's okay with you because I'm going to have a lady Babylon tomorrow. Let me start at um

7:30. That'll give us an hour and a half right? Okay. Let me start at 7:30 if you don't mind. Um We're in Mountain time right? Yes. I'm sorry Mountain time. So okay 9:30 um my time. Yeah. Fantastic. Okay. There we go. There we go. Okay. You're hanging in there. I'm going to tell the entire congregation that you are hanging in there with 100%. Thank you. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. So it can be done. It can be done and I'm I'm going to hold you up as a model. Okay. Make sure tomorrow and do

The do the um yeah it's okay. Do the uh

Madeleine as Joan of Arc because we have to let people know that we're putting somebody through the program right? So they know. Okay. Fantastic. Okay. I will see you later and get get some uh rest and Okay. Great. Thank you. Talk to you. See you. Thank you Armand. Thank you. Everybody who's there thank you for [\\h__\\h] >> Thank you. Thank you Armand. Thank you Chewie. Yeah thank you Chewie too. Yeah good point. That was somebody Excellent job. Thank you both. Always a good blessing. Thank you Chewie.